The emergence of power station inspection robots signifies a significant leap forward in intelligent automation within the domain of substation maintenance. These robots are equipped with the capability to autonomously traverse through substations, conducting meticulous inspections of equipment and facilities. By replacing manual inspection methods, they bring forth a multitude of benefits including heightened efficiency, cost reduction, and enhanced personnel safety. As the realms of artificial intelligence and robotics continue to advance, the development of substation inspection robots has become a focal point in the power industry. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of inspection robots, offering insights from both domestic and international contexts. Furthermore, it delves deeply into the critical technologies that underpin substation inspection robots, showcasing the cutting-edge advancements driving their unparalleled performance. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of existing technologies, this work offers a forward-looking perspective on the potential applications of these robots. It provides a glimpse into the future of substation maintenance practices, envisioning a landscape where these robots play an indispensable role in optimizing operational efficiency, ensuring regulatory compliance, and enhancing overall system reliability. Moreover, the paper outlines key areas for future technical development, paving the way for continued innovation and advancement in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field.