A method for measuring earth resistivity

Wenner, Frank

doi:10.1016/s0016-0032(15)90298-3

Cited by 155 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…Soil resistivity may be measured by a few traditional techniques such as the Wenner four-pin method or, more recently, by electromagnetic measurements [62]. Measurements of resistivity can be made both in situ and at the laboratory.…”

Section: Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Evaluate Corrosion in Buried Steel Structures: A Review

Arriba-Rodriguez

Balsera

Fernández

et al. 2018

Metals

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Around the world, there are thousands of metal structures completely or partially buried in the soil. The main concern in their design is corrosion. Corrosion is a mechanism that degrades materials and causes structural failures in infrastructures, which can lead to severe effects on the environment and have direct impact on the population health. In addition, corrosion is extremely complex in the underground environment due to the variability of the local conditions. The problem is that there are many methods to its evaluation but none have been clearly established. In order to ensure the useful life of such structures, engineers usually consider an excess thickness that increases the economic cost of manufacturing and does not satisfy the principles of efficiency in the use of resources. In this paper, an extended revision of the existing methods to evaluate corrosion is carried out to optimize the design of buried steel structures according to their service life. Thus, they are classified into two categories depending on the information they provide: qualitative and quantitative methods. As a result, it is concluded that the most exhaustive methodologies for estimating soil corrosion are quantitative methods fed by non-electrochemical data based on experimental studies that measure the mass loss of structures.

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Section: Resistivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Evaluate Corrosion in Buried Steel Structures: A Review

Arriba-Rodriguez

Balsera

Fernández

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…[18] If the electrodes are deployed in the Wenner array configuration [Wenner, 1916] with the same separation between them of value a, the geometric factor takes a value of 2pa. At DC and low frequencies, the current penetrates into the earth easier than at high frequencies, when the current circulates mostly near the surface.…”

Section: Earth Impedance Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth impedance model for through-the-earth communication applications with electrodes

et al. 2010

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[1] Through-the-earth (TTE) communications are relevant in applications such as caving, tunnel and cave rescue, mining, and subsurface radiolocation. The majority of the TTE communication systems use ground electrodes as load antenna. Wires, electrode contact, and earth impedances are the major contributors to the impedance observed by the transmitter. In this paper, state-of-art models found in the literature are reviewed, and an improved method to measure the earth impedance is presented. The paper also proposes an optimal circuit model for earth impedance between electrodes as a function of frequency, as a consequence of the particular conditions of the application. The model is validated with measurements for different soil conditions, showing a good agreement between empirical data and the simulation results.

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“…Electrodes were set in the earth in accordance with the modification of the Wenner arrangement proposed by Lee (1929). Measurements of potential were made both by Wenner (1915) and by Lee (1929) techniques, giving three measurements at each interval. The apparent Tjl resistivity was computed by the Wenner formula p=2 IT ayfor all the observations because it spreads the curves on the chart, making them easier to examine and to interpret.…”

Section: Equipment and Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological and geophysical study of the preglacial Teays Valley in west-central Ohio

Norris¹,

Spicer²

1958

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A method for measuring earth resistivity

Cited by 155 publications

References 0 publications

Methods to Evaluate Corrosion in Buried Steel Structures: A Review

Methods to Evaluate Corrosion in Buried Steel Structures: A Review

Earth impedance model for through-the-earth communication applications with electrodes

Geological and geophysical study of the preglacial Teays Valley in west-central Ohio

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