A Method for Modeling Artificial Dentures in Patients With Adentia Based on Individualsizes of Alveolar Arches and Constitution Type

The expansion of the most relevant priority fields in fundamental and applied medicine, along with the progress in modern dentistry and reconstructive maxillofacial surgery, requires in-depth understanding of the morphological and functional status of the maxillary alveolar process bone tissue and knowledge of the mandibular alveolar part, thus allowing selecting a reasonable treatment tactics for maxillofacial pathologies. Qualitative features of maxillary alveolar process microarchitectonics, angioarchitectonics, as well as the periodontal ligament arrangement at various levels of the teeth roots, histological and morphometric studies of bone tissue in the frontal and distal sections, as well as the maxillary segments of the maxillary medial incisors and the first molars were studied in 5 certified male cadavers with preserved dentition. The histological findings show, that the microarchitectonics of the maxillary alveolar process features a lamellar bone consists of plates that are adjacent tightly to each other. The bone plates orientation in the frontal section is longitudinal, while in the distal part it is along concentric circles located around the Haversian canals. The angioarchitectonics of the maxillary alveolar process features tubular structures, which run mainly perpendicular to the bone surface, with numerous anastomoses. As the morphometric analysis of the maxillary alveolar process vascular system shows, in the frontal section the number of vessels per 1 mm2 is 22.41± 1.76 - 22.87± 2.08; in the distal section − 23.94± 1.88 - 25.02±2.69 (p≤0.01); the average diameter of vessels in the frontal section is 25.34±2.45 microns – 26.06 ±3.17 microns, in the distal section − 25.72±2.31 microns – 26.14± 2.93 microns (p≤0.05); the average wall thickness in the frontal section is 1.43± 0.09 microns - 1.48± 0.12 microns, in the distal section − 1.50± 0.11 microns – 1.54± 0.14 microns (p≤ 0.01). The vestibular surface of the maxillary medial incisors at the level of the root gingival part, as well as the oral surface at the root apical level have been found to be zones of periodontal ligament compression, while the oral surface at the root gingival level and the vestibular surface at the root apical level – zones of the periodontal ligament stretching. At the root gingival level of the first maxillary molars, the medial and vestibular surfaces are zones of the periodontal ligament compression, whereas the oral and the distal surfaces stand as the zones of the periodontal ligament stretching. As a quantitative assessment showed, the structural elements of the medial incisors periodontal ligament, and the first maxillary molars had loose connective tissue – taken by its specific area – prevailing in the periodontal ligament compression zone; the specific area of dense connective tissue, though, was found to be prevailing at the periodontal ligament stretching zone under chewing stress. The data obtained through a quantitative analysis of the periodontal ligament microvascular bed of the medial incisors, and the first maxillary molars, reveal that the area with blood vessels in the compression zones by far exceeds the area of blood vessels in the stretching zones. It appears rather reasonable that in case of a biomechanical stress experienced by the incisor-maxillary and molar-maxillary segments of the upper jaw, the periodontal ligament morphology will change throughout the root, depending on the compression and stretching zone localization.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric Assessment of Architectonics and Vascularization in Maxillary Alveolar Process Bone Tissue

Domenyuk,

Sumkina,

Mikutskaya

et al. 2023

“…The use of histological and histomorphometric studies for analyzing bone microarchitectonics, allows the most reliable assessment of bones, both in view of its morphological features and qualitative parameters. It also helps identify the degree of the observable changes, and check the effectiveness of therapy and what effect it has on remodeling [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and Morphometric Studies of Bone Tissue Autografts From Intraoral and Extraoral Donor Zones

Domenyuk¹,

Sumkina²,

Дмитриенко³

et al. 2023

Major research carried out in modern dentistry and maxillofacial surgery is commonly focused on long-term and stable results for implant rehabilitation of jaw defects and deformities in patients with bone and soft tissue losses at the site of planned implantation. Various osteoplastic materials, donor or the patient’s own bone, tissue-engineering and cellular products are common in clinical medicine, since guided regeneration can help not only recover the volume of bone tissue once lost, yet also ensure an outcome acceptable from both functional and aesthetic view. Guided bone regeneration employs methods of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, with transplantation of native bone tissue and cell transplants, as well as various osteoplastic materials with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. In order to compare the structure of intact bone tissue obtained from intraoral and extraoral donor zones, histological and morphometric studies of bone autografts in 4 certified male cadavers with intact dentition were carried out. The results of histological studies in bone tissue autografts from intraoral and extraoral donor zones revealed that the highest density of bone rods could be observed in biopsies taken from the mandible outer oblique line area and chin symphysis. Whereas the lowest rate of the said factor we observed in the biopsies obtained from the iliac crest area. The highest rate of the inter-rod girder space was found in the area of the iliac crest, and the minimal – in biopsies from the parietal bone. The highest bone vascularization level was identified at the iliac crest and the parietal bone, while its lowest levels were seen in biopsies taken from the area of the mandible outer oblique line. The density of cellular elements was found to be highest at the iliac crest. The lowest density level was registered in biopsies from the area of the mandible outer oblique line. The high rates of cellular elements in autografts from the iliac crest area can be accounted for by the predominance of spongy substance over cortical, while in bone biopsies taken from the mandible outer oblique line, chin symphysis, maxillary tuberosity and parietal bone, the share of cellular elements failed to exceed 27% within the total data set. This points at the predominance of cortical rather than spongy substance. In reconstructive bone plastic surgery for augmentation of the maxillary alveolar process and the mandible alveolar part with significant atrophy, it is reasonable to use autogenous transplants taken from intraoral donor zones. The autogenous transplants have cortical morphology and embryological origin similar to the jaw bones. Bone blocks from the donor zones of the mandible outer oblique line, the chin symphysis and the maxillary tuberosity have the highest density of the bone cortical substance and the duly sufficient amount of spongy substance.

“…This area allows, in each specific case, identifying the features of the structure and the position of a particular anatomical area in the craniofacial complex relying on a set of signs [3,8,14,18,21,23,36,44]. Given that, studying the relationship between dental arches and craniofacial parameters is an urgent issue, which is associated with employing advanced orthodontic technology in treating patients with various dentition and occlusion issues [2,9,16,19,25,32,41,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Patterns of Maxillar Y Apical Base Variability in People With Various Dental Arches at Physiological Occlusion

Kochkonyan¹,

Al-Harazi²,

Domenyuk³

et al. 2021

Self Cite

Morphometric data on the structure of the craniofacial complex are reliable and diagnostically significant values that are of applied nature in terms of practical dentistry. Within this study, analysis of conebeam computed tomograms, biometric indicators of plaster models obtained from the jaws of 83 people (aged 21–35) with physiological occlusion and various types of dental, gnathic dental arches, the degree of proportion between the maxillary apical base and the inter-canine distance were identified. Depending on the dental arch type, the patients were divided into three groups. The morphometric study in the CBCT frontal plane was the distance between the canines tearing tubercles and the inter-canine distance in the apical area. The study outcomes revealed discrepancies between the calculated and actual indicators of the apical base width for all types of dental arches in people with physiological occlusion. In case of mesotrusive dental arches (incisional angle — 127–143°), the width of the apical base corresponded to the width of the dental arches between the canines, while the differences in indicators were not statistically significant. In people with retrusive dental arches (incisional angle exceeding 144°), the width of the dental arch was found to be significantly above the width of the apical bases. As far as protrusive dental arches are concerned (incisional angle below 126°), these patients featured predominance of the apical bases width over the inter-canine distance. The obtained data add to that already available in research literature regarding the relationships and dimensional features pertaining to the craniofacial complex structures, as well as have applied value in orthodontic clinical practice