A Method for Quantitative Analysis of Human Seminiferous Epithelium

Steinberger, Emil; Tjioe, D.Y.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)36851-0

Cited by 98 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A sequential order of stages in seminiferous epithelium was not clearly evident as reported earlier for humans (Heller and Clermont, 1964;Leidl and Waschke, 1970;Roosen-Runge, 1962;Roosen-Runge and Barlow, 1953;Steinberger and Tjioe, 1968). However, evidence for the wave of spermatogenic stages along the length of the seminiferous tubules to occur in a helical pattern has been reported (Schulze, 1982).…”

Section: Role Of Architectural Arrangement Of Seminiferous Tubules Numentioning

confidence: 59%

Efficiency of spermatogenesis

Johnson

1995

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Spermatogenesis is a process of division and differentiation by which spermatozoa are produced in seminiferous tubules. A measure of efficiency of spermatogenesis is the estimated number of spermatozoa produced per day per gram of testicular parenchyma. This measure is not influenced by species differences in testicular size; however, it is influenced by species differences in the numerical density of germ cells and in the life spans of these cells. Seminiferous tubules are composed of somatic cells (myoid cells and Sertoli cells), and germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids). Activity of these three germ cells divide spermatogenesis into spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis, respectively. Spermatocytegenesis involves mitotic cell division to increase the yield of spermatogenesis and to produce stem cells and primary spermatocytes. Meiosis involves duplication and exchange of genetic material and two cell divisions that reduce the chromosome number and yield four spermatids. Spermiogenesis is the differentiation of spherical spermatids into mature spermatids which are released at the luminal free surface as spermatozoa. The spermatogenic cycle is superimposed on the three major divisions of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis and germ cell degeneration can be quantified from numbers of germ cells in various steps of development throughout spermatogenesis, and quantitative measures are related to number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Germ cell degeneration occurs throughout spermatogenesis; however, the greatest impact occurs during spermatocytogenesis and meiosis. Efficiency of spermatogenesis is related to the amount of germ cell degeneration, pubertal development, season of the year, and aging of humans and animals. Number of Sertoli cells and amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of Leydig cells (but not Leydig cell number) are related to efficiency of spermatogenesis. In humans, efficiency of spermatogenesis is reflected in number of spermatogenic stages per cross-section and number of missing generations within each stage; however, the arrangement of stages along the tubular length does not reflect differences in the efficiency of spermatogenesis. In short, spermatogenesis involves both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions and an unsurpassed example of cell differentiation in the production of the spermatozoon, and daily sperm production per g parenchyma is a measure of its efficiency.

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Section: Role Of Architectural Arrangement Of Seminiferous Tubules Numentioning

confidence: 59%

Efficiency of spermatogenesis

Johnson

1995

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Such a deficiency could cause a reduction of the population of early spermatogonia without any significant impairment of the later stages of spermato¬ genesis. In men with increased gonadotrophin release after clomiphene therapy (Heller & Heller, 1970) and in oligospermic men (Steinberger & Tjioe, 1968) the number of type -pale spermatogonia was significantly altered but the yield of spermatogenesis beyond this stage was not affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Strain Differences in Testicular Weight and Spermatogenesis With Special Reference to C57bl/10j and Dba/2j Mice

Shire¹,

Bartke²

1972

Journal of Endocrinology

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Marked differences were found in the absolute and relative weights of the testes of young adult mice from 11 strains. DBA/2J mice had large testes (936 \m=+-\46 mg/100 g body weight) and C57BL/10J mice had small ones (389 \m=+-\6 mg/100 g). Comparisons of mice from these two strains, raised under three different environmental conditions, showed that the difference between the strains was relatively unaffected by environmental variation. Measurements on hybrid mice confirmed that much of the observed difference between the two strains was genetic in origin.The C57BL/10 mice were unlike those of any of the other strains in that both the relative and the absolute weights of the testis declined between the ages of 9 and 16 weeks.Strain differences were also found when spermatogenesis was studied in four of the strains by counting the different types of germinal cells in seminiferous tubules in stage VII of spermatogenesis. There were about twice as many type A spermatogonia in DBA/2 mice as there were in C57BL/10 mice. The mean numbers of spermatocytes and spermatids were much greater in DBA/2 than in C57BL/10. These differences were sufficient to account for the observed differences between these strains in testicular weight.Reciprocal F1 mice resembled their DBA/2 parents both in the weight of their testes and in the pattern of spermatogenesis.

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“…A few months later, TESE was also found to be effective for the majority of cases of nonobstructive azoospermia as well (3,12,13,38,39). The reason is that 60% of azoospermic men with presumably no sperm production actually do have a minute amount of sperm production in the testis that is not quantitatively sufficient to spill over into the ejaculate, but which is adequate for ICSI (11,13,27,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Thus, even men with extremely low sperm counts, or with spermatogenesis so deficient in quantity that no sperm at all can reach the ejaculate, could now have children with the use of TESE-ICSI (3,10,47).…”

Section: Treatment Of Male Infertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Y chromosome in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a personal review

Silber

2011

Fertility and Sterility

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A Method for Quantitative Analysis of Human Seminiferous Epithelium

Cited by 98 publications

References 7 publications

Efficiency of spermatogenesis

Efficiency of spermatogenesis

Strain Differences in Testicular Weight and Spermatogenesis With Special Reference to C57bl/10j and Dba/2j Mice

The Y chromosome in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a personal review

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