The present study describes fine structure and chemical composition of the epicuticular leaf waxes of three Araucariaceae species. The leaf surfaces of samples from greenhouse-grown juvenile trees of Araucaria araucana K.Koch and Agathis robusta F.Muell. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with data for a young greenhouse-grown Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen cutting characterised earlier. The chemical compositions of the epicuticular waxes selectively removed from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of A. araucana, A. robusta and W. nobilis were studied by gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). The main components of the leaf cuticular waxes of A. araucana, A. robusta and W. nobilis are members of the following three major compound classes: n-alkanes, secondary alcohols and alkane diols. It was shown earlier that the latter two classes contribute to the formation of the tubular epicuticular-wax crystals on the leaf surfaces. The present comparative study also revealed differences in the crystalline microstructure and chemical composition of the epicuticular leaf waxes among the three species.