A Method for Studying Walking on Different Surfaces

Carlsöö, S

doi:10.1080/00140136208930585

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Grönqvist et al 2001a, Redfern et al 2001. Hanson et al (1999) applied the difference between measured and required friction as safety criterion instead of the friction ratio, which was proposed by Carlsöö (1962). Grönqvist et al (2001b) found that the contact time related variation in utilized friction in the presence of a slippery contaminant was large (possibly due to gait adaptations) in response to the reduced available (measured) friction between the interacting surfaces.…”

Section: Level Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, minimum coefficient of friction limit values should be correlated to normal variability of human gait, since walking speed, stride length and anthropometric parameters may greatly affect the frictional demands during locomotion (Carlsöö 1962, James 1983, Andres et al 1992, Myung et al 1992. McVay and Redfern (1994) found that the mean across subjects of the peak required friction increased from about 0.25 to 0.50 as ramp angle increased from 0° in level walking to 20° on an inclined surface.…”

Section: 2other Modes Of Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

111

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A number of human-centred methodologies-subjective, objective, and combined-are used for slipperiness measurement. They comprise a variety of approaches from biomechanically-oriented experiments to psychophysical tests and subjective evaluations. The objective of this paper is to review some of the research done in the field, including such topics as awareness and perception of slipperiness, postural and balance control, rating scales for balance, adaptation to slippery conditions, measurement of unexpected movements, kinematics of slipping, and protective movements during falling. The role of human factors in slips and falls will be discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of human-centred approaches in relation to mechanical slip test methodologies are considered. Current friction-based criteria and thresholds for walking without slipping are reviewed for a number of work tasks. These include activities such as walking on a level or an inclined surface, running, stopping and jumping, as well as stair ascent and descent, manual exertion (pushing and pulling, load carrying, lifting) and particular concerns of the elderly and mobility disabled persons. Some future directions for slipperiness measurement and research in the field of slips and falls are outlined. Human-centred approaches for slipperiness measurement do have many applications. First, they are utilized to develop research hypotheses and models to predict workplace risks caused by slipping. Second, they are important alternatives to apparatus-based friction measurements and are used to validate such methodologies. Third, they are used as practical tools for evaluating and monitoring slip resistance properties of foot wear, anti-skid devices and floor surfaces.

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Section: Level Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2other Modes Of Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…may affect the traction coefficient. Calsöö 7) , James 8) , Soames and Richardson 9) and Myung et al 10) reported that a increase of step length and walking speed provided an increase of the traction coefficient. Grieve 11) indicated that the traction coefficient would change, resulting in greater horizontal force during the initial portion of step, as step length was increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Step Length and Walking Speed on Traction Coefficient and Slip between Shoe Sole and Walkway

2008

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“…For example, the magnitude of shear force is directly coupled to walking speed, and an increase in walking velocity will increase the friction demand [9,33,56,75]. Since the foot force vectors (extending from both legs) can be decomposed by taking the tangent of the angle between the leg and a line perpendicular to the floor, shear force increases with longer steps and, as a result, increasing the step length will, in general, increase RCOF [26,62].…”

Section: Slip Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach towards identifying age-related mechanisms of slip initiated falls

Lockhart

2008

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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The causes of slip and fall accidents, both in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic factors and their associations are not yet fully understood. Successful intervention solutions for reducing slip and fall accidents require a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved. Before effective fall prevention strategies can be put into practice, it is central to examine the chain of events in an accident, comprising the exposure to hazards, initiation of events and the final outcome leading to injury and disability. These events can be effectively identified and analyzed by applying epidemiological, psychophysical, biomechanical and tribological research principles and methodologies. In this manuscript, various methods available to examine fall accidents and their underlying mechanisms are presented to provide a comprehensive array of information to help pinpoint the needs and requirements of new interventions aimed at reducing the risk of falls among the growing elderly population.

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A Method for Studying Walking on Different Surfaces

Cited by 24 publications

References 1 publication

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Effect of Step Length and Walking Speed on Traction Coefficient and Slip between Shoe Sole and Walkway

An integrated approach towards identifying age-related mechanisms of slip initiated falls

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