A Method for Suppressing Formation of Deposits on Fuel Injector for Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Kinoshita, Moto; Saito, Akinori; Matsushita, Souichi; Shibata, Hitoshi; Niwa, Yutaka

doi:10.4271/1999-01-3656

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Depending on the detergent type, they were able to reverse or avoid any injector flow loss caused by fouling. Analogous effects of fuel additives were also reported by other groups [13,14,20,21]. These publications all show a decrease of injector performance caused by fouling and illustrate potential benefits of fuel additives.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…This is usually referred to as injector fouling or coking and can have an adverse effect on fuel consumption, engine performance and both hydrocarbons and particulate emissions. Formation of deposits on the injector tip can result in alteration of spray pattern leading to increased spray impingement and therefore increased particulate emissions [13,14,15,16].The phenomenon of injector fouling and how it is influenced by fuel and engine parameters was the focus of a number of studies. Aradi et al [17] investigated different fuel blends under several conditions in a four cylinder engine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Unlike in port fuel injection (PFI) systems, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines deliver fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This opens up the possibility of new injection strategies and can improve efficiency and fuel consumption, especially under partial load [1,2,3]. An additional advantage is the so-called stratified charge operation, which allows adjustment of the injection and ignition timings of the engine, to further optimise engine operation [4]. In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].One major challenge of the GDI concept, however, is the potential for increased formation of particulate emissions. Recent emissions legislations such as EURO 6 in Europe and LEV III (Low Emissions Vehicle Program) in the US pose very strict limitations on particle number and mass (PM) concentrations [11,12]. Methods to control particulate emissions from GDI engines are therefore important.Introduction of an injector into the combustion chamber of a GDI engine results in direct exposure of the injector tip to the harsh conditions occurring during combustion. Because the flame directly interacts with the nozzle, combustion products can be deposited on the surface and inside cavities. This is usually referred to as injector fouling or coking and can have an adverse effect on fuel consumption, engine performance and both hydrocarbons and particulate emissions. Formation of deposits on the injector tip can result in alteration of spray pattern leading to increased spray impingement and therefore increased particulate emissions [13,14,15,16].The phenomenon of injector fouling and how it is influenced by fuel and engine parameters was the focus of a number of studies. Aradi et al. [17] investigated different fuel blends under several conditions in a four cylinder engine. They used rich fuel-to-air ratios in order to promote fouling. By measuring the temperature of the injector tip with an internal sensor, they saw that with increasing temperature Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines ABSTRACTIn Gasoline Direct Injection engines, direct exposure of the injector to the flame can cause combustion products to accumulate on the nozzle, which can result in increased particulate emissions. This research observes the impact of injector fouling on particulate emissions and the associated injector spray pattern and shows how both can be reversed by utilising fuel detergency. For this purpose multi-hole injectors were deliberately fouled in a four-cylinder test engine with two different base fuels. During a fo...

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supporting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The injector can therefore suffer from the accumulation of deposits on the injector tip and in the nozzle holes [5]. A relatively small amount of deposit can change the carefully designed injector fuel flow rate [6][7][8][9][10], spray pattern [11][12][13], atomization characteristics [12][13] and the interaction with the in-cylinder flow [12]. And the changes of the spray may result in worsened emissions [14][15][16][17]21], increased fuel consumption [6,18,19,21] and misfire of the engine [1,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deposit formation mechanism is relatively complicated and unsettled. Kinoshita et al [7] proposed a deposit formation mechanism which highlighted the importance of deposit precursors. They suggested that the 90% distillation temperature (known as the T90) of the fuel was an important parameter affecting the status of deposit precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%