2003
DOI: 10.1118/1.1576230
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A method for the reconstruction of four‐dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired during free breathing

Abstract: Breathing motion is a significant source of error in radiotherapy treatment planning for the thorax and upper abdomen. Accounting for breathing motion has a profound effect on the size of conformal radiation portals employed in these sites. Breathing motion also causes artifacts and distortions in treatment planning computed tomography (CT) scans acquired during free breathing and also causes a breakdown of the assumption of the superposition of radiation portals in intensity-modulated radiation therapy, possi… Show more

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Cited by 444 publications
(314 citation statements)
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“…The collection of volumetric patient data over time (not possible with single‐slice scanners) can then be used to model tumor and lung motion during breathing or to determine the extent of tumor motion for margin determination in the treatment‐planning process. ( 17 ) Cardiac imaging has also benefited from the capabilities of multislice scanning, which has been used to measure coronary motion, which is then correlated with cardiac image quality. In fact, ECG‐gated spiral CT using multislice scanners has made it possible to scan the entire heart in a single breath hold, while continuous data acquisition makes it possible to reconstruct the multiple phases of the cardiac cycle.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The collection of volumetric patient data over time (not possible with single‐slice scanners) can then be used to model tumor and lung motion during breathing or to determine the extent of tumor motion for margin determination in the treatment‐planning process. ( 17 ) Cardiac imaging has also benefited from the capabilities of multislice scanning, which has been used to measure coronary motion, which is then correlated with cardiac image quality. In fact, ECG‐gated spiral CT using multislice scanners has made it possible to scan the entire heart in a single breath hold, while continuous data acquisition makes it possible to reconstruct the multiple phases of the cardiac cycle.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[77][78][79] However, it is not clear whether the setup of 4-dimensional CT imaging primarily for the assessment of tumor motion is ideal for obtaining average CT when most PET/CT scanners are in nuclear medicine and are without the respiratory monitoring device needed for 4-dimensional CT. A practical approach is to acquire average CT without a respiratory monitoring device to improve quantification of the PET data. 51,80 The additional radiation dose for average CT can be less than 1 mSv, and the additional scan time is less than one minute and will not impact the overall scan time of a PET/CT procedure.…”
Section: Average Ct Of Less Than 1 Msv Reduces Misregistrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…84 It was adopted for tumor imaging of the thorax almost a decade ago, 60,[66][67][68] about the same time when 4-dimensional CT was launched. 62,[77][78][79]85 Today, 4-dimensional CT has been accepted as a standard practice in CT imaging of tumor motion for radiation therapy. 4-dimensional PET is still not yet widely accepted as a standard practice.…”
Section: -Dimensional Pet Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to its excellent soft tissue contrast and nonionizing radiation employment, MRI is increasingly being used as an alternative modality to the four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT),1, 2 especially when determining patient‐specific breathing pattern for organs’ motion tracking during radiotherapy delivery. Furthermore, considerable effort is being invested in incorporating real‐time MRI during therapy delivery to develop new therapy techniques such as MRI‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and MRI‐integrated Linear Accelerators (LINAC) 3, 4, 5…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%