The article describes peculiarities and problems of single industry towns. We explore the differences in happiness and well-being assessment between single industry towns and poly-functional economies, namely due to the influence of a town forming enterprise. We use the anthropogenic humanized approach to evaluate the impact of the town forming enterprise on the happiness and well-being of people. The article describes application of the anthropogenic humanized facet approach in analyzing social and labor relations of town forming enterprises and single industry towns in general. Peculiar characteristics of social and labor relations and the impact of the town forming enterprise on happiness and well-being are examined on evidence from a single industry town LeninskKuznetsky, Kemerovo region. We provide a rationale to apply an approach encompassing sustainability, wellbeing indicators and social responsibility of town forming enterprises to assess social and economic development of single industry towns. This approach is applicable to the method for assessing social and labor relations sustainability of a town forming enterprise and a single-industry town, which was developed by the authors.