A method to characterize the biaxial orientation of the crystalline phase in polyethylene blown films

Krishnaswamy, Rajendra K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(20000101)38:1<182::aid-polb21>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…LL-DPE films are known to show most of the time a random lamellar structure as illustrated here in Fig. 3a and 3b and in other studies [12,18,20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Finally, as mentioned in the introduction, a simplified FTIR procedure without the use of the tilted technique has been proposed in literature for polyethylene films possessing the row structure [17,18] and applied to LLDPE [18]. Details of the procedure can be found in Refs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when Herman's orientation factors are used to determine the orientation factors, significant differences can be noted between results from FTIR and X-ray diffraction, which may be due to a compensation between the two independent angles that are involved in the White-Spruiell factors (those calculations were not made in the paper). Krishnaswamy [18] modified slightly Kissin's approach and extended it to LLDPE blown films but did not report systematic comparisons with the FTIR tilted technique nor with WAXD results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biaxial orientation in LLDPE films: Comparison of infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray pole figures, and birefringence techniques

Ajji¹,

Zhang²,

Elkoun³

2006

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, linear low-density polyethylene films were produced using different processes (film blowing and biaxial orientation) and processing conditions. The orientation of the films was characterized in terms of their biaxial crystalline, amorphous, and global orientation factors using birefringence, tilted incidence polarized Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Xray diffraction pole figures. Evaluation of a simplified FTIR procedure without the use of the tilted method for the determination of crystalline orientation factors proposed in the literature is also evaluated and assessed. The results indicate that FTIR overestimate the crystalline orientation factors, particularly for the crystalline a-axis. Significant discrepancies are also observed for the b-axis orientation, which may be due to an overlap of the amorphous phase contribution. Those differences are larger for films with low orientation, such as blown films. Amorphous phase orientation from FTIR depends on the band used and is not necessarily in agreement with that determined from the combination of X-ray and birefringence. The simplified FTIR procedure is proven to be inadequate in the case of linear low-density polyethylene blown films studied having a random lamellar crystalline morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:1182-1189, 2006.

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“…LL-DPE films are known to show most of the time a random lamellar structure as illustrated here in Fig. 3a and 3b and in other studies [12,18,20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biaxial orientation in LLDPE films: Comparison of infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray pole figures, and birefringence techniques

Ajji¹,

Zhang²,

Elkoun³

2006

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…In this work the orientation factors fa ,fb' fe and f am were calculated by employing four different methods: Jarvis (1980), Kissin (1992), Krishnaswamy (2000), and Cole and Ajji [Ward (1997)]. The results obtained by employing the methods of Jarvis and Cole and Ajji were identical, and the curves coincided with each other.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Computer simulation of the film blowing process incorporating crystallization and viscoelasticity

Muslet¹,

Kamal²

2004

Journal of Rheology

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“…The structure of PE blown films has been extensively studied using many experimental techniques 1–10. Keller and Machin determined that crystallization under bi‐axial stress gives rise to a row‐nucleated “shish‐kebab” superstructure along the MD in PE blown films 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic aggregates in Zn‐ and Na‐neutralized poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylic acid) blown films

Benetatos

Winey

2005

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The morphology of ionic aggregates in semicrystalline Zn‐ and Na‐neutralized poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomer blown films has been explored with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and small angle X‐ray scattering. The ionic aggregates of Zn‐EMAA are spherical, monodisperse, and uniformly distributed in as‐extruded pellets and blown films prepared at low and high blow‐up ratio. Thus, although the biaxial stresses of film blowing are sufficient to alter the PE superstructure, the ionic aggregates in Zn‐EMAA are unaffected. In contrast, the morphology of Na‐EMAA as detected by STEM changes from featureless in the as‐extruded pellets to a heterogeneous distribution of Na‐rich aggregates in the blown films. This transformation in Na‐EMAA morphology is consistent with our earlier study of quiescent annealing, suggesting that the morphological change is the result of thermal processing rather than the biaxial stresses of film blowing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3549–3554, 2005

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A method to characterize the biaxial orientation of the crystalline phase in polyethylene blown films

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Biaxial orientation in LLDPE films: Comparison of infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray pole figures, and birefringence techniques

Biaxial orientation in LLDPE films: Comparison of infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray pole figures, and birefringence techniques

Computer simulation of the film blowing process incorporating crystallization and viscoelasticity

Ionic aggregates in Zn‐ and Na‐neutralized poly(ethylene‐ran‐methacrylic acid) blown films

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