Heat fluxes on each cutting edge of a carbide double cutting drill are estimated during a high-speed machining process from temperature measurements in the drill tool and a direct model that has been established using the non integer system identification approach. A single experiment is required in order to characterize the transient thermal behavior of the tool. The non integer system identification method is based on the recursive linear least square algorithm. The inverse method is based on the constant function specification approach. Results obtained during machining lead to predict the tool wear and possible tool positioning defect.