A Method to Estimate the Atomic Number and Mass Thickness of Intervening Materials in Uranium and Plutonium Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Measurements

Streicher, Michael; Brown, Steven T.; Zhu, Yuefeng; Goodman, David A.; He, Zhong

doi:10.1109/tns.2016.2606763

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…92) by performing measurements on the BeRP ball and RF hemishells with OS. The University of Michigan studied uranium isotopics of the RF hemishells using gamma spectroscopy with CZT detectors 93,94 and delayed neutron information from AI with lithium glass and PVT detectors. 95 The University of Michigan used OSs (Ref.…”

Section: Ivc University Consortia Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Era of Nuclear Criticality Experiments: The First 10 Years of Radiation Test Object Operations at NCERC

Hutchinson

Bounds

Cutler

et al. 2021

Nuclear Science and Engineering

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The work presented in this paper focuses on the first 10 years (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020) of radiation test object (RTO) operations at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center. RTOs are subcritical configurations of special nuclear material that are built by hand. These configurations are utilized for benchmark experiments, detector testing/characterization, and training. An overview of the types of measurements used in RTO operations is given as well as a history of RTO operations at Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1944-2011.

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Section: Ivc University Consortia Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Era of Nuclear Criticality Experiments: The First 10 Years of Radiation Test Object Operations at NCERC

Hutchinson

Bounds

Cutler

et al. 2021

Nuclear Science and Engineering

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“…Ionizing radiation is often encountered in a wide range of applications, including medicine, energy, industry, agriculture, research and aerospace applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. As exposure to high-energy ionizing radiation can cause detrimental electronic, chemical and biological effects, the provision of shielding materials that can limit equipment exposure to radiation is of paramount importance [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. When assessing a material’s performance as a radiation shield, its ability to prevent the penetration of incident radiation through various interaction mechanisms is typically considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of 3D Printable Polymer Filaments for Radiation Shielding Applications

et al. 2023

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There is a growing need to develop lead-free shielding materials that are safe, low weight, durable, environmentally friendly, chemically and mechanically stable and customizable for specific applications. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), an additive manufacturing technique based on the extrusion of a thermoplastic filament into a 3D printed object one layer at a time, could be employed well in applications involving ionizing radiation due to its relatively low cost, design flexibility and high manufacturing precision. This study aimed at developing 3D printing composites that contain Titanium dioxide as a filler agent for shielding in a medical radiation environment. First, the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation (up to 15 Gy) on the mechanical properties of common 3D printing polymers, ABS, ULTRAT, PLA, NYLON, ASA and PETG, was investigated. Since ABS experienced the lowest variation in its ultimate tensile strength (±5%) and Young’s modulus (−5%/+11%), it was chosen as a matrix for a new extruded 3D filament containing TiO2 at 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.%. With the incorporation of TiO2 at different filler contents, the UTS of the ABS composites varied between 24.1 MPa and 28.4 MPa, with the highest value recorded for 3 wt.% TiO2. Young’s modulus values were dependent on both the TiO2 concentration and on the irradiation dose. In addition, the ABS/TiO2 composites with a higher filler content (3 wt.% and 5 wt.%) maintained their attenuation ability even after exposure to a radiation dose of 100 Gy as opposed to pure ABS, which exhibited a ~2.5% reduction in its mass attenuation coefficient after exposure to the same dose of radiation. The pilot investigation performed demonstrated that the newly developed ABS/TiO2 composite containing 5 wt.% of filler can be successfully employed to shield electronic devices operating in a radiotherapy room.

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“…Gamma-rays possess strong penetrating ability since they possess short wavelengths, and therefore high energy [ 7 ]. Therefore, protective materials made from high-atomic number heavy metal materials, construction materials, are usually used as effective shields against gamma-rays [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. These include iron, tungsten, lead, concrete, and silicate like cement and rock with excellent shielding performances [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Gamma-Ray Shielding Performance of 3D-Printed Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone/Tungsten Composites

Cao

et al. 2020

Materials

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Nuclear energy provides enduring power to space vehicles, but special attention should be paid to radiation shielding during the development and use of nuclear energy systems. In this paper, novel composite materials containing poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) as a substrate and different tungsten contents as a reinforcing agent were developed and tested as shielding for gamma-ray radiation. Shielding test bodies were quickly processed by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, and their mechanical, shielding properties of composite materials were evaluated. The results revealed shielding materials with excellent mechanical properties which can further be improved by heat treatment. Under 0.45 MPa load, the heat deflection temperature of PEEK/tungsten (metal) composites was significantly lower than that of PEEK/boron carbide (non-metal) composites. The new shielding materials also demonstrated better shielding of low-energy 137Cs than high-energy 60Co. The gamma-ray shielding rates of test pieces shielding materials made of the same thickness changed exponentially with the tungsten content present in the composite materials. More tungsten led to a better shielding effect. At the same tungsten content, the gamma-ray shielding effect showed a proportional relationship with the thickness of the shielding test bodies, in which thicker test bodies induced better shielding effects. In sum, the integration of 3D printing in the mechanical design and manufacturing of shielding bodies is an effective and promising way for quick processing when considering diverse rays and complex environments. Lighter shielding bodies, at lower costs, can be achieved by structural design in limited space to maximize the material utilization rate and reduce waste.

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A Method to Estimate the Atomic Number and Mass Thickness of Intervening Materials in Uranium and Plutonium Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Measurements

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

A New Era of Nuclear Criticality Experiments: The First 10 Years of Radiation Test Object Operations at NCERC

A New Era of Nuclear Criticality Experiments: The First 10 Years of Radiation Test Object Operations at NCERC

Modification of 3D Printable Polymer Filaments for Radiation Shielding Applications

Mechanical Properties and Gamma-Ray Shielding Performance of 3D-Printed Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone/Tungsten Composites

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