A methodological approach based on gold-nanoparticles followed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of urine profiling of knee osteoarthritis

Abstract

The aim of this work is to develop a nanoparticle-based methodology to find out biomarkers of diagnostic for knee osteoarthritis, KOA, through the use of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight-based mass spectrometry profiling. Urine samples used for this study were obtained from KOA patients (42 patients), patients with prosthesis (58 patients), and controls (36 individuals) with no history of joint disease. Gold-nano particle MALDI-based urine profiling was optimized and then applied over the 136 individuals. Jaccard index and 10 different classifiers over MALDI MS datasets were used to find out potential biomarkers. Then, the specificity and sensitivity of the method were evaluated. The presence of ten m/z signals as potential biomarkers in the healthy versus non-healthy approach suggests that patients (KOA and prosthesis) are differentiable from the healthy volunteers through profiling. The automatic diagnostic study confirmed these preliminary conclusions. The sensitivity and the specificity for the urine profiling criteria here reported, achieved by the C4.5 classifier, is 97% and 69% respectively. Thus, it is confirmed the utility of the method proposed in this work as an additional fast, non-expensive and robust test for KOA diagnostic. When the proposed method is compared with those used in common practice it is found that sensitivity is the highest, thus with a low false negative rate for diagnostic KOA patients in the population studied. Specificity is lower but in the range accepted for diagnostic objectives.

Osteoarthritis biomarkers: year in review

“…However, these were individuals with advanced OA: how this finding holds in larger numbers and in earlier stages of OA, where the diagnostic challenge is greater, will be important. A further discovery study using gold-nanoparticle-based MALDI profiling of urine from those with knee OA has also been reported 63 .…”

Unraveling the Organotellurium Chemistry Applied to the Synthesis of Gold Nanomaterials

“…Au nanoparticles were the key to these successes, by splitting the proteome into two fractions. 40−42 To assess the suitability of the Au–Te nanoparticles as tools for proteomic applications, the nanoparticles were mixed with a solution of BSA and CA in equal concentrations; the studies were performed at pH’s 7.4 and 5.7. Results are shown in Figure 6b.…”

Application and Perspectives of MALDI–TOF Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories

“…In the recent years, MS has gained importance for characterizing nanoparticles, which has expanded the possibilities of MALDI–TOF MS [ 84 , 85 , 86 ] in the environmental sciences to study, for example, the distribution, concentration and stability of silver and gold nanoparticles in environmental water [ 87 ]. Research, using biological samples, are showing the reliable detection of sulfides, drugs and other substances [ 88 ] with good limits, especially for urine metabolites, e.g., cysteine and homocysteine with a detection range between 7 and 22 nanoMolar [ 89 ]. Chou et al [ 90 ] have proposed a new clinical diagnostic approach using magnetic antibody nanoparticles for the rapid detection of influenza virus subtypes [ 90 ], while research led by Miotto [ 91 ] propose the use of maghemite nanoparticles for early diagnosis of mastitis in bovine milk.…”