A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Sandoo, Aamer; Kitas, George D.

doi:10.3791/52339

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Perfusion changes on the anterior surface of the forearm in response to the delivery of both vasoactive drugs were assessed using LDI, which measures blood flux (AU). The full protocol that was used for this study has been described in detail previously [41]. In summary, one baseline scan was performed before a series of ten scans with an iontophoresis charge of 30 µA was delivered to administer 1% ACh and 1% SNP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FMD procedure is a non-invasive technique that is commonly used on the brachial artery as an assessment of global large-vessel EF. Several published guidelines are available for this technique [42,43,44], however the present study used Sandoo and Kitas’ protocol [41]. Briefly, a 2 min baseline ultrasound scan of the brachial artery was followed by 5 min of arterial occlusion, achieved by inflating a BP cuff that was placed around the wrist to 220 mmHg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Microvascular Function and Large-Vessel Endothelial Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Older Adults

et al. 2019

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: Dietary nitrate (NO3−) has been reported to improve endothelial function (EF) and blood pressure (BP). However, most studies only assess large-vessel EF with little research on the microvasculature. Thus, the aim of the present pilot study is to examine NO3− supplementation on microvascular and large-vessel EF and BP. Twenty older adults (63 ± 6 years) were randomized to a beetroot juice (BRJ) or placebo (PLA) group for 28 (±7) days and attended three laboratory visitations. Across visitations, blood pressure, microvascular function and large-vessel EF were assessed by laser Doppler imaging (LDI) with iontophoresis of vasoactive substances and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), respectively. Plasma NO3−concentrations, BP and the presence of NO3− reducing bacteria were also assessed. Plasma NO3− increased following two weeks of BRJ supplementation (p = 0.04) along with a concomitant decrease in systolic and diastolic BP of approximately −6 mmHg and −4 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.04; p = 0.01, respectively). BP remained unchanged in the PLA group. There were no significant differences in endothelium-dependent or endothelium-independent microvascular responses between groups. FMD increased by 1.5% following two weeks of BRJ (p = 0.04), with only a minimal (0.1%) change for the PLA group. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrated that medium-term BRJ ingestion potentially improves SBP, DBP and large-vessel EF in healthy older adults. The improvements observed in the present study are likely to be greater in populations presenting with endothelial dysfunction. Thus, further prospective studies are warranted in individuals at greater risk for cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Microvascular Function and Large-Vessel Endothelial Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Older Adults

et al. 2019

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“…Endothelial function of the microvasculature was assessed non-invasively using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) (Moor laser Doppler imager, Moor Instruments Ltd, Axminster, UK) with iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine (ACh, endothelium-dependent, Miochol-E, Novartis, Camberley, UK) and 1% sodium-nitroprusside (SNP, endothelium-independent, Nitroprussiat Fides, Rottapharm, Barcelona, Spain) in 2.5 ml solution containing 0.5% saline by a single observer (AS). This technique has an intra-observer co-efficient of variation for ACh and SNP of 6.5% and 5.9% respectively for AS [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial injury in rheumatoid arthritis: a crosstalk between dimethylarginines and systemic inflammation

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSymmetric (SDMA) and asymmetric (ADMA) dimethylarginines have emerged as novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in several disease settings associated with atherosclerosis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by high CVD mortality and morbidity. ADMA and SDMA levels are abnormal in RA patients, but their correlation with assessments of endothelial function and structure remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether SDMA and ADMA are associated with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and arterial stiffness as well as non-invasive assessments of in vivo micro- and macrovascular endothelial function in RA patients with high systemic inflammatory load.MethodADMA and SDMA levels were measured using immunoassays in 197 RA individuals. Twenty-six of these [23 (86.4%) females, median age 70, quartiles (60, 73)] were identified as having high inflammatory markers [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >25 mm/hr and C-reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg/L], and were compared to the remainder of the cohort. Patients underwent assessments of microvascular endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function [laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis of acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium-nitroprusside (SNP) respectively], macrovascular endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function (flow-mediated dilatation and glyceryl-trinitrate-mediated dilation respectively), and vascular morphology [pulse wave analysis, and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT)].ResultsSignificant interactions with inflammation were detected in the associations between ACh and both SDMA (p = 0.014) and ADMA:SDMA ratio (p = 0.027), as well as between SNP and SDMA (p = 0.042) and between arterial stiffness and ADMA:SDMA (p = 0.036), with the associations being stronger in the patients with high inflammatory markers in each case.ConclusionsBesides their emerging role as markers of endothelial dysfunction SDMA and ADMA may promote endothelial injury in RA as mediators of the adverse effects of systemic inflammation on micro- and macrovasculature respectively in patients with active disease.

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“…Large vessel endothelium-dependent [flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)] and endothelium-independent [sublingual glyceryl-trinitrate (GTN)] function was assessed using high-resolution ultrasonography. Laser Doppler imaging (Moor LDI 2 SIM: Moor Instruments, Ltd Devon, UK) with iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium-nitroprusside (SNP) was used to measure endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent microvascular function, respectively [25].…”

Section: Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of exercise and anti-TNF treatment on cardiovascular health in rheumatoid arthritis: results from two controlled trials

et al. 2018

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People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both pharmacological treatment and exercise are suggested in the management of CVD risk in RA. This study explored the effects of exercise and anti-TNF treatment on CVD risk in RA. Twenty RA patients (70% female, 50 (10) years) completed a 3-month exercise intervention and 23 RA patients (65% female, 54 (15) years) started anti-TNF treatment. Markers of disease activity, CVD risk, and vascular function were assessed before and after 3-months of intervention/treatment. Both exercise and anti-TNF treatment improved functional ability and fatigue, anti-TNF treatment was more successful in improving inflammation, disease activity, functional ability and pain. Exercise induced a reduction in overall CVD risk and improvement in vascular function, which was significantly different from anti-TNF treatment where no such changes were found. These findings showed that exercise and anti-TNF had differential effects on CVD risk in RA, and should be combined for optimal CVD risk reduction. Whereas anti-TNF treatment is likely to impact on CVD risk through reducing the systemic inflammatory load, exercise should be recommended to people with RA as an effective self-management strategy to reduce CVD risk further. Once RA patients have responded successfully to anti-TNF treatment, increasing exercise should be encouraged to reduce the risk for CVD. Thus, supporting exercise programmes when the disease is controlled, is likely to enhance the uptake and the maintenance of exercise, which will result in additional benefits to cardiovascular health and wellbeing in people with RA.

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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

The Effects of Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Microvascular Function and Large-Vessel Endothelial Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Older Adults

The Effects of Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Microvascular Function and Large-Vessel Endothelial Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Older Adults

Endothelial injury in rheumatoid arthritis: a crosstalk between dimethylarginines and systemic inflammation

Comparison of the effects of exercise and anti-TNF treatment on cardiovascular health in rheumatoid arthritis: results from two controlled trials

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