1986
DOI: 10.1016/0362-3319(86)90035-2
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A methodology for estimating emergency evacuation times

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Cited by 82 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…For the case of hurricanes, Baker (1991) listed five attributes determining the decision to evacuate: the risk level within the area, actions by public authorities, type of housing, prior perception of personal risk, and a storm specific threat factor. In the past, these attributes have served for an empirically based approach to predict evacuation demand by Tweedie et al (1986). Later, PBS&J (2000b) developed a cross-classification type of trip generation model based on survey data collected in the south-eastern states of the US where the evacuation participation specified by county depended on the hurricane category and speed, tourist occupancy, and type of housing in that area.…”
Section: Sequential Travel Demand Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For the case of hurricanes, Baker (1991) listed five attributes determining the decision to evacuate: the risk level within the area, actions by public authorities, type of housing, prior perception of personal risk, and a storm specific threat factor. In the past, these attributes have served for an empirically based approach to predict evacuation demand by Tweedie et al (1986). Later, PBS&J (2000b) developed a cross-classification type of trip generation model based on survey data collected in the south-eastern states of the US where the evacuation participation specified by county depended on the hurricane category and speed, tourist occupancy, and type of housing in that area.…”
Section: Sequential Travel Demand Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The departure response curve has been assumed to follow many different distributions. Some examples are instantaneous departure (Lewis 2001;Chen and Zhan 2004;Chiu et al 2006), a Uniform distribution (Liu et al 2006;Yuan et al 2006), a Rayleigh distribution (Tweedie et al 1986), a Poisson distribution (Cova and Johnson 2002), a Weibull distribution (Jonkman 2007;Lindell 2008) or sigmoid curve (Kalafatas and Peeta 2009;Xie et al 2010). The Weibull distribution and sigmoid curve are most often used and claimed to be most realistic.…”
Section: Sequential Travel Demand Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, we assume mobilization time is a constant and equal to four hours based on prior research that suggests mobilization time ranges between two and four hours (Lindell et al, 2011;Stone, 1983;Tweedie, Rowland, Walsh, Rhoten, & Hagle, 1986). For the purposes of this study, clearance time is defined as the total time required for all residents of a given Census tract to move to a 'safe' destination along an evacuation route at a distance of 250 miles (402 km) using private vehicles, consistent with travel distances reported by previous studies (Lindell et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2007).…”
Section: Modeling Clearance Timementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Those curves are symmetric, indicating an increasing hourly arrival rate for the first 12 h and a decreasing hourly arrival rate for the following 12 h; however, the shape and peak values vary based on the chosen response time rate. The response time curve is also expressed as a deformation of Rayleigh's cumulative function (Tweedie et al 1986). The cumulative function estimated the response percentage as below:…”
Section: Previous Behavior Studies As An Input To the Proposed Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%