A methodology for flow-front estimation in LCM processes based on pressure sensors

Characterization of textile permeability as a function of fiber volume content with a single unidirectional injection experiment

“…Another difficulty in unidirectional permeability measurements is connected with racetracking along the preform edges (noticeable also in Figure 4). Occurrence and strength of race-tracking can be assessed by visual observations as well as by multiple pressure sensors, as shown in previous works [21,28]. In all the experiments performed here, acrylic sealing was applied to prevent racetracking.…”

“…(3) By using the continuity equation, which in 1D for incompressible fluids state (4) equation (3) can be rearranged and integrated by separation of variables as follows: (5) where Δp = p in -p f is the pressure difference between the inlet position x in and the front position x f at the time t (the flow front pressure p f is taken equal to the outlet pressure [1,21]). In case of constant injection pressure, equation (5) becomes: (6) Equation (6) allows determining K from the recorded x f through the Squared Flow Front (SFF) approach [12].…”

A Dimensionless Characteristic Number for Process Selection and Mold Design in Composites Manufacturing: Part II—Applications

“…Figure 7 illustrates the investigated cavity geometry and the simulated filling, which reproduces an injection through a central inlet gate by RTM. Thin shell elements are used in the simulations, which, unlike the other tests presented in this article, are carried out using the software COMSOL Multiphysics [9][10][11]. A preform with porosity of 0.5 and anisotropic permeability is considered: the principal permeability values are K 1 = 5 × 10 −10 m 2 and K 2 = 2.5 × 10 −10 m 2 , aligned along the x and y axes respectively.…”

Three-dimensional reconstruction of resin flow using capacitance sensor data assimilation during a liquid composite molding process: A numerical study

“…Although grid sensor [19], area array sensor http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.01.031 1359-835X/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [20], or pressure sensor-based methods [21] enable monitoring of an arbitrary resin flow process, the resin flow was assumed to be two-dimensional and flow in the thickness, or out-of-plane direction, has not been considered.…”