A methodology for predicting phase inversion during liquid–liquid dispersed pipeline flow

Phase inversion emulsification: Current understanding and applications

“…One of the limitations of such approach is the absence of surfactant assumption, hence the typical role of phase behavior cannot be faced by similar models. Ngan et al [163] suggested an intuitive method to predict phase inversion in tube based on the idea that phase inversion happens at the phase fraction where the difference in viscosities between the two possible dispersions, oil continuous and water continuous is zero. The authors exploited a large set of viscosity correlation (as a function of the dispersed volume fraction) in order to fit experimental data and found that viscosity models of concentrated suspension and solution are good enough to fit the inversion locus.…”

Optical measurements in evolving dispersed pipe flows

“…Flows of two immiscible liquids in pipes are encountered in many industrial applications, including oil and gas 1 3 170 Page 2 of 15 the phase fraction distribution in a pipe cross section, have also been used, based on conductivity (Ngan et al 2009) or X-ray imaging (Schümann et al 2016b), while Silva et al (2007) developed a capacitance wire-mesh sensor to obtain the phase fractions.…”

Influence of a surfactant or salt on phase inversion in a water–oil pipe flow

“…• Dissipation rate. Inversion occurs when the effective viscosity of the oil-in-water mixture and the water-in-oil mixture are the same (Poesio and Beretta, 2008;Ngan et al, 2009). • Energy barrier.…”