A methodology for quantifying sodalite and cancrinite phase mixtures and the kinetics of the sodalite to cancrinite phase transformation

Barnes, Mark C.; Addai‐Mensah, Jonas; Gerson, Andrea R.

doi:10.1016/s1387-1811(99)00080-3

Cited by 73 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Compositions S3 and S4 contain the three characteristic peaks at 665, 710, and 733 cm -1 associated with the sodalite structure according to the literature. [34,35] As expected, composition S4, stoichiometric match with sodalite, showed the strongest sodalite fingerprint of the four compositions tested. The IR spectrum was also collected for composition S4, which was heat-treated at a temperature of 650 °C and plotted along with specimen heat treated at 850 °C in order to compare the effect of temperature (see Figure 6).…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysis On Alternate Mineral Waste Formssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Alternative Waste Forms for Electro-Chemical Salt Waste

Crum¹,

Sundaram²,

Riley³

et al. 2009

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SUMMARYThis study was undertaken to examine alternative crystalline (ceramic/mineral) and glass waste forms for immobilizing spent salt from the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) electrochemical separations process (Echem). The AFCI is a program sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop and demonstrate a process for recycling used nuclear fuel (UNF). Echem is a molten salt process for the reprocessing of UNF in an electrorefiner and generates spent KCl-LiCl salt that is contaminated with alkali, alkaline earths, halide, and lanthanide fission products (FP) that must either be cleaned of FP and other contaminants or replaced with new salt to maintain separations efficiency. Currently, these spent salts are occluded on zeolite 4A, mixed with a borosilicate binder, and heat treated to form a glass-bonded mineral waste form. The focus of this study was to investigate alternative waste forms to immobilize spent salt. A condensed version of the calculated composition of a spent salt with 20 mass% fission products is given in Table S1.[1] On a mole basis, the spent salt is dominated by alkali chlorides with minor amounts of alkaline earth and lanthanide chlorides. Borosilicate glass is the most widely studied and accepted waste form for immobilizing radioactive waste. [2][3][4][5] However, the limited solubility of chloride in borosilicate glass leads to low waste loading of spent Echem salt. To address this issue, past work with spent electrochemical salt from the electrochemical processing of sodium-bonded nuclear fuel led to the development of a two-step process that resulted in a glass-bonded ceramic waste form consisting of ~ 75 mass% minerals (primarily sodalite) bonded in a borosilicate glass network.[6] The sodalite allows higher loadings of Cl. The glass matrix encapsulates the sodalite and other minerals, supplies silica for the formation of sodalite, and solubilizes some of the FP and impurities.In the study reported here, we explored glass systems that are more compatible with Cl and have not been previously considered for use as waste forms. In addition, alternate methods were explored with the hope of finding a way to produce a sodalite that is more accepting of as many FP present in the spent salt as possible.This study investigated two different options:1. alternate glass families that incorporate increased concentrations of Cl 2. alternate methods to produce a mineral waste form.A literature survey was conducted for each option to identify high halide-containing glasses and minerals. Available fabrication and characterization methods along with available waste-form performance data were gathered from the available literature and evaluated to determine the best candidate glass systems and mineral structures for scoping studies. Scoping studies were conducted based on the conclusions from the literature surveys. [7] glass standard for high-level waste. However, they show promise and should be further developed by investigating other compositions to achieve optimized glass with improved...

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Section: Ft-ir Analysis On Alternate Mineral Waste Formssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…[34,35] Sodalite alone is far too absorbing to perform FT-IR analysis without dilution in an IR transparent material (e.g., alkali halide salts). Instead, ~ 4 mg of each sample was mixed with ~ 400 mg of FT-IRgrade KBr and pressed into a pellet at ~ 75 kpsi.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysis On Alternate Mineral Waste Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Waste Forms for Electro-Chemical Salt Waste

Crum¹,

Sundaram²,

Riley³

et al. 2009

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“…This suggests that sodalite is not directly precipitated from solution, but that precipitation is reliant upon the dissolution or transformation of another mineral. A similar elevation in activation energy for cancrinite precipitation under Bayer conditions was observed when cancrinite formed from sodalite rather than directly precipitating from solution [54]. Muscovite or quartz could be sources of reactive silica for sodalite precipitation; however, neither were observed to dissolve to an appreciable extent within this study.…”

Section: Reaction Kineticssupporting

confidence: 70%

Experimental Simulation of Long Term Weathering in Alkaline Bauxite Residue Tailings

Santini

Fey

Gilkes

2015

Metals

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Abstract:Bauxite residue is an alkaline, saline tailings material generated as a byproduct of the Bayer process used for alumina refining. Developing effective plans for the long term management of potential environmental impacts associated with storage of these tailings is dependent on understanding how the chemical and mineralogical properties of the tailings will change during weathering and transformation into a soil-like material. Hydrothermal treatment of bauxite residue was used to compress geological weathering timescales and examine potential mineral transformations during weathering. Gibbsite was rapidly converted to boehmite; this transformation was examined with in situ synchrotron XRD. Goethite, hematite, and calcite all precipitated over longer weathering timeframes, while tricalcium aluminate dissolved. pH, total alkalinity, and salinity (electrical conductivity) all decreased during weathering despite these experiments being performed under "closed" conditions (i.e., no leaching). This indicates the potential for auto-attenuation of the high alkalinity and salinity that presents challenges for long term environmental management, and suggests that management requirements will decrease during weathering as a result of these mineral transformations. OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 1242

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“…Para el caso de una concentración de 3.0M se observan además picos débiles en números de onda correspondientes a 677, 623 y 574 cm -1 , que corresponden a la huella digital de la cancrinita [85].…”

Section: Medio Naohunclassified

“…Las variaciones más apreciables se producen al aumentar el tiempo de tratamiento hasta 12 horas, de forma coherente con los resultados de DRX. Cabe destacar concretamente las vibraciones en 678, 626 y 576 cm -1 debidas a la presencia de cancrinita [85] tras el proceso de 12 horas y la variación de la banda asociada con los grupos carbonato, alrededor de 1460 cm -1 , significativamente más intensa que en los procesos de menor duración. Esta contribución adicional debe corresponder a carbonatos de Ca o de Na amorfos, puesto que no se aprecian mediante DRX.…”

Section: Optimización Del Thunclassified

Aplicación integral en construcción de materiales eco-eficientes con incorporación de cenizas de biomasa

Serrano¹

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A Ana y Gloria, por la confianza y que mas que directoras de tesis han sido como mi familiaA mi madre y mi padre, por el apoyo incondicional a pesar de la distancia que supone este logro.A mi adorable abuela, por sus consejos y apoyo en la decisión que comprende la realización de esta tesis doctoral. AgradecimientosEl presenta trabajo de investigación se ha realizado en el Departamento de Cementos y Reciclado de Materiales del Instituto Ciencias de la Construcción "Eduardo Torroja" (IETcc), del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Gracias a la beca JAE-Pre 2011 del CSIC por la formación y la ayuda económica para alcanzar este logro en este Instituto. Al proyecto PC10-39 dentro del plan PCTI de Asturias con título "Gestión y Aprovechamiento de Residuos Sólidos de la Combustión de Biomasa Forestal en una Caldera de Lecho Fluidizado" en el que colaboraron el IETcc, el INCAR y la empresa CEASA (grupo ENCE-Navia), y del que surgió el presente trabajo de investigación.De forma especial quiero agradecer a mis dos directoras de tesis pertenecientes al grupo de investigación Materiales Eco-eficientes del departamento Cementos y Reciclado de Materiales, la Dra. Ana Mª Guerrero Bustos y la Dra. Gloria Perez Álvarez-Quiñones, por la confianza puesta en mí desde el minuto cero en que no nos conocíamos y solo intercambiábamos correos. Muchas gracias por el tiempo dedicado, así como el asesoramiento en la ejecución y elaboración de este trabajo, por ayudarme y estar presente en todo momento tanto en temas profesionales como personales.Gracias al Dr. Omar I. Molina Blas por ser el enlace con mis Directoras de Tesis.Quiero agradecer también a Jose, parte de nuestro grupo de de investigación por la ayuda, el apoyo y las facilidades en la elaboración de toda la parte experimental en la presente tesis doctoral.Gracias al Dr. Moisés Frías Rojas y a la Dra. M. Isabel Sánchez de Rojas Gómez por las facilidades concedidas para la realización del trabajo. A Maite por su colaboración en la Investigación y a Pascual por su asesoramiento, disponibilidad y ayuda en la realización de pastas y morteros de la presente tesis doctoral.A todo el personal del Instituto, especialmente a la Unidad de Ensayos Físico-Químicos, la Unidad de Evaluación Técnica de Productos Innovadores (DIT), la Nave de Ensayos Mecánicos del Departamento de Construcción y nuestro Departamento de Cementos y Reciclado de Materiales, quiero extender mi más profundo agradecimiento por las facilidades, su ayuda y contribución en la realización de este trabajo de investigación. A mis compañeros en el Instituto, tanto a los que están como los que ya no están, por los buenos momentos compartidos y por la disponibilidad para cualquier duda, pregunta y ayuda.A Wenzhong y Torsten, por acogerme en la Universidad del Oeste de Escocia para la realización de la estancia de 3 meses. Muchas gracias por el asesoramiento y el tiempo dedicado para los ensayos de durabilidad.La memoria se presenta en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad P...

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A methodology for quantifying sodalite and cancrinite phase mixtures and the kinetics of the sodalite to cancrinite phase transformation

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Alternative Waste Forms for Electro-Chemical Salt Waste

Alternative Waste Forms for Electro-Chemical Salt Waste

Experimental Simulation of Long Term Weathering in Alkaline Bauxite Residue Tailings

Aplicación integral en construcción de materiales eco-eficientes con incorporación de cenizas de biomasa

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