A Methodology for Selecting Smart Contract in Blockchain-Based Applications

Naaz, Rohaila; Saxena, Ashendra Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-8086-2_1

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…The increasing interest in blockchain, smart contracts, and cryptocurrencies has also led to a growing number of tertiary studies that answer various research questions related to blockchain in [4] 2017 A systematic mapping study on current research topics in smart contracts SMS2 [3] 2017 Blockchain-based smart contracts: A systematic mapping study SMS3 [28] 2018 Smart contract applications within blockchain technology: A systematic mapping study SMS4 [39] 2019 Use of blockchain smart contracts in software engineering: A systematic mapping SLR SLR1 [31] 2019 A review paper on smart contracts in blockchain network-based applications SLR2 [19] 2019 A comparison of approaches for visualizing blockchains and smart contracts SLR3 [37] 2020 Blockchain smart contracts formalization: Approaches and challenges to address vulnerabilities Survey SUR1 [36] 2016 Scripting smart contracts for distributed ledger technology SUR2 [5] 2017 A survey of attacks on Ethereum smart contracts SoK SUR3 [17] 2018 On legal contracts, imperative and declarative smart contracts, and blockchain systems SUR4 [43] 2018 An overview of smart contract: Architecture, applications, and future trends SUR5 [29] 2018 Smart contracts and opportunities for formal methods SUR6 [20] 2018 Towards safer smart contracts: A survey of languages and verification methods SUR7 [49] 2019 Smart contract development: Challenges and opportunities SUR8 [1] 2019 Blockchain and smart contracts SUR9 [48] 2020 An overview on smart contracts: Challenges, advances, and platforms SUR10 [30] 2020 Empirical evaluation of blockchain smart contracts general, and smart contracts in particular. Furthermore, depending on their aim, the studies have been conducted as mapping studies, systematic literature reviews, or surveys.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research questions of systematic literature reviews are more focused compared to the questions proposed in mapping studies. Several systematic literature reviews are related to general blockchains [8,9,18,21,23,31,40,47]. They turn a blind eye to smart contracts and focus on different aspects of blockchain.…”

Section: Systematic Literature Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Literature Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reviews whose goal is related to smart contracts are found in References [19,31,37]. Naaz et al [31] focus on applications of smart contracts and their use cases, and not on the languages themselves. Furthermore, a systematic approach has not been followed, as a consequence, the research questions are not explicitly specified in the paper nor the set of identified papers.…”

Section: Systematic Literature Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart Contract Languages

Varela-Vaca

Quintero

2021

ACM Comput. Surv.

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Blockchain is a disruptive technology that has attracted the attention of the scientific community and companies, as proven by the exponential growth of publications on this topic in recent years. This growing interest is mainly due to the promise that the use of blockchain enables it to be verified, without including any trusted intermediaries, that the information received from the network is authentic and up-to-date. In this respect, blockchain is a distributed database that can be seen as a ledger that records all transactions that have ever been executed. In this context, smart contracts are pieces of software used to facilitate, verify, and enforce the negotiation of a transaction on a blockchain platform. These pieces of software are implemented by using programming languages, which are sometimes provided by the blockchain platforms themselves. This study aims to (1) identify and categorise the state-of-the-art related to smart contract languages, in terms of the existing languages and their main features, and (2) identify new research opportunities. The review has been conducted as a multivocal mapping study that follows the guidelines proposed by Garousi et al. for conducting multivocal literature reviews, as well as the guidelines proposed by Kitchenham and Charters for conducting mapping studies. As a result of the implementation of the review protocol, 4,119 papers were gathered, and 109 of them were selected for extraction. The contributions of this article are twofold: (1) 101 different smart contract languages have been identified and classified according to a variety of criteria; (2) a discussion on the findings and their implications for future research have been outlined. As a conclusion, it could be stated that a rigorous and replicable overview of the state-of-the-art of smart contract languages has been provided that can benefit not only researchers but also practitioners in the field, thanks to its multivocal nature.

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