A methodology to guide the selection of composite materials in a wind turbine rotor blade design process

Integration of multiple passive load mitigation technologies by automated design optimization—The case study of a medium‐size onshore wind turbine

“…-Structural optimization 18,19 : spanwise thicknesses of the blade section structural components (spar caps, skin, shear webs, leading and trailing edge reinforcements), diameters and thicknesses of a user-defined number of truncated conical shells modeling the turbine tower, composite material parameters. 20 Here, spanwise distributions are modeled with linear interpolations.…”

“…The optimization variables and constraints of the design process are defined as follows: Design variables: ‐Macro optimization: rotor diameter, hub height, nacelle uptilt angle, rotor cone angle, maximum allowable blade tip speed, overall blade shape parameters (solidity, thickness, and chord and thickness tapering factors). ‐Aerodynamic optimization: control points for chord and twist spanwise distributions and positions along the blade span of preassumed airfoils. Spanwise distributions are modeled by a shape‐preserving Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial (PCHIP) scheme. ‐Structural optimization: spanwise thicknesses of the blade section structural components (spar caps, skin, shear webs, leading and trailing edge reinforcements), diameters and thicknesses of a user‐defined number of truncated conical shells modeling the turbine tower, composite material parameters . Here, spanwise distributions are modeled with linear interpolations. Constraints: ‐Macro optimization: extreme and fatigue load constraints at user‐defined locations, maximum turbine height. ‐Aerodynamic optimization: limits on noise emissions, transportability, and manufacturing constraints, bounds on the blade shape parameters. ‐Structural optimization: maximum allowable stress, strain, and fatigue damage along blade and tower at a user‐defined number of stations, maximum blade tip deflection, blade and tower frequency constraints to prevent mode coalescence and resonance effects, manufacturing limitations such as minimum and maximum thicknesses of composite elements of the blade and of tower sections, transportability constraints. …”

Material Selection of Face Sheet of Sandwich Plate Used in Blade of Wind Turbine Using MCDM Method

“…Under load, the sandwich structure made of PET and Tycor behaved very similarly. [18] Bortolotti, the development of an optimisation methodology for the the composite components used in wind turbine blades is the focus of this work. The approach aims to provide recommendations to composite manufacturers on the best choices among mechanical properties and material costs while assisting designers in choosing the various materials for the blade.…”

Analysis of aspect and taper ratio on aeroelastic stability of composite shells

“…In previous relations, y denotes the lift surface variable span coordinate, b is the maximum thickness of the airfoil a is the chord length. The solution of the integral (19) leads to the airfoil section (approximated) torsional constant.…”

“…Composite (in-plane) stiffness is independent of composite orientation, which is the main reason why this type of stack-up is often used as the starting point, bearing in mind the great number of variables (fiber type, matrix type, volume fractions, fiber orientation…) when designing with composites. This is one of the reasons why this stack-up is considered in the preliminary stages of design and is further improved to achieve the optimum [18][19]. The optimal design for composite airframes is usually done using a numerical approach, and at present days several optimization algorithms have been implemented into software modules, Hypersizer software developed by NASA being one of them.…”