A Micro-Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) for Large-Scale Dimensional Measurement of Micro-Slits

Ito, So; Kikuchi, H.; Chen, Yuan-Liu; Shimizu, Yuki; Gao, Wei; Takahashi, Kazuhiko; Kanayama, Toshihiko; Arakawa, Kunmei; Hayashi, Atsushi

doi:10.3390/app6050156

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, it is very difficult to precisely measure the shapes of micro-holes that have large length/diameter (L/D) ratios because of the difficulties encountered during probe fabrication and the complexities involved in employing a sensing method that uses a small measuring force. Many studies have been reported on micro-hole measurement techniques employing a variety of probes such as optical probes [1][2][3], vibroscanning probes [4,5], vibrating probes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], tunneling effect probes [12,13], opto-tactile probes [14], fiber probes [15,16], optical trapping probes [17], and diaphragm or flexure based probes using an elastic mechanism [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Touch Probing System Using a Fiber Stylus

Murakami

Katsuki

Sajima

2016

Fibers

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This paper presents a system that can be used for micro-hole measurement; the system comprises an optical fiber stylus that is 5 µm in diameter. The stylus deflects when it comes into contact with the measured surface; this deflection is measured optically. In this study, the design parameters of the optical system are determined using a ray-tracing method, and a prototype of the probing system is fabricated to verify ray-tracing simulation results; furthermore, the performance of the system is evaluated experimentally. The results show that the design parameters of this system can be determined using ray-tracing; the resolution of the measurement system using this shaft was approximately 3 nm, and the practicality of this system was confirmed by measuring the shape of a micro-hole 100 µm in diameter and 475 µm in depth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Touch Probing System Using a Fiber Stylus

Murakami

Katsuki

Sajima

2016

Fibers

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“…The parameters values (d, e, f, g) can be thus be found by solving the simultaneous equations from Equations (10)- (13).…”

Section: T/t Rotating Shaft Internal Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coordinate-measuring-machine (CMM) is now being widely applied as part of workpiece inspection in the production line [13][14][15][16][17]. It can be used to measure the geometry of physical objects by sensing the discrete points on the object surface with a probe, including mechanical, optical, laser, and white light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievement of Accurate Robotic Arm-based Bike Frame Quality Check Using 3D Geometry Mathematical Model

Lin

Wang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Currently, the bike frame quality check (QC) mostly relies on human operation in industry. However, some drawbacks such as it being time-consuming, having low accuracy and involving non-computerized processes are still unavoidable. Apart from these problems, measured data are difficult to systematically analyze for tracking sources of product defects in the production process. For this reason, this paper aims to develop a 3D geometry mathematical model suitable for bicycle frames QC using robotic arm-based measurement. Unlike the traditional way to find coefficients of a space sphere, the proposed model requires only three check point coordinates to achieve the sphere axis coordinate and its radius. In the practical work, the contact sensor combined with the robotic arm is used to realize the compliance items measurement in shaft length, internal diameter, verticality, parallelism, etc. The proposed model is validated based on both mathematic verification and actual bike frame check.Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5355 2 of 17 material handling, welding, thermal spraying, assembly, palletizing, drilling, and painting, etc. [18][19][20][21]. For instance, a platform based on a robotic arm using three degrees of freedom (DoF) principle was proposed to estimate the calibration parameters of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [22]. It can be placed indifferent positions for collecting a dataset of points evenly distributed. This case implies that the measurement technique using robotic arms may provide a good solution for the bike frame QC process. System Description System StructureThe proposed system structure of bike frame quality check is shown in Figure 1a, consisting of subsystems such as robotic arm, graphical user interface (GUI), programmable logic controller (PLC), contact sensor, mathematical model, database, and workbench. Each subsystem is responsible to carry out a specific task, described as follows. (1) Robotic arm can carry the contact sensor and move it to the check points. Therefore, the coordinates of check points can be found based on the robotic arm coordinate system. (2) The contact sensor can feedback a digital signal to the robotic arm immediately once it touches the surface of the check points. (3) PLC is to control the rotating disk to rotate the bike frame 90 • for the robotic arm to reach every check point. (4) Graphical user interface (GUI) provides a friendly user interface for users to input data and display a real-time measurement outcome.(5) Mathematical model presents a geometry algorithm that can effectively integrate the sphere formula with the inner product of normal vector to find four parameters in the sphere formula using only three measured points. Accordingly, the center coordinate of check point and its diameter can be calculated accurately and simply. (6) A database using MySQL is used to store the measured data and export measurement data report. (7) The workbench shown in Figure 1b is designed to sustain all hardware devices. It contains: (1) a fixing frame, (2) A rotating disk, ...

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“…Therefore, the advancement of automation in industry is to suit the variety of desired functionalities for all technical measurement processes in the bike quality check (QC) [1][2][3][4]. Coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) platform is mostly applied by a device that measures the physical geometry by sensing discrete points on the surface with a probe for the measurement object [5][6][7][8][9]. CMM offers two major advantages: (1) physical geometry measurement with high precision up to 0.001 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realisation of three‐dimensional geometric model in case of bike frame measurement

Lin

Wang

et al. 2020

IET Circuits, Devices & Systems

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This study presents a measurement method for a bike frame to solve a problem that usually relies on the digimatic callipers or mechanical molds handled by a human, therefore avoiding a long time process and measurement errors. In such a mechanism, the measured data is based on the handwritten record, and thus a difficulty may occur in further data analysis using the computer. For this reason, this study aims to develop a mathematical model of three-dimensional geometry especially applied for robotic arm-based bike frame measurement. The proposed mathematical geometric model effectively integrates the sphere formula with the inner product of normal vector to find four parameters in the sphere formula using only three measured points. Accordingly, the centre coordinate of the check point and its diameter can be calculated accurately and simply. The practical model performance also prooves that all crucial quality checking items such as centre plane offset, inside diameter, axis point and parallelism in different rotating shafts of bike frame can be achieved in term of rapid, robustness and precision. Moreover, the measurement accuracy in the estimated standard deviation and measurement uncertainty using two different bike frames is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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A Micro-Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) for Large-Scale Dimensional Measurement of Micro-Slits

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Development of Touch Probing System Using a Fiber Stylus

Development of Touch Probing System Using a Fiber Stylus

Achievement of Accurate Robotic Arm-based Bike Frame Quality Check Using 3D Geometry Mathematical Model

Realisation of three‐dimensional geometric model in case of bike frame measurement

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