A Micro Method for Determination of pH, Carbon Dioxide Tension, Base Excess and Standard Bicarbonate in Capillary Blood

Andersen, O. Siggaard; Engel, K.; Jørgensen, K.; Astrup, Poul

doi:10.3109/00365516009062419

Cited by 654 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These values were then used to obtain the CO2 content from a standard CO2 dissociation curve (16). In two of the subjects the CO2 content and Pco2 of a blood specimen drawn from the antecubital vein were measured by the Astrup technique (17) and this value was then adjusted to the CO2 content at PAcO2 by using the nomograms published by Bartels and coworkers (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of disappearance of labeled carbon dioxide from the lungs of humans during breath holding: a method for studying the dynamics of pulmonary CO2 exchange

Hyde¹,

Puy²,

Raub³

et al. 1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of disappearance of labeled carbon dioxide from the lungs of humans during breath holding: a method for studying the dynamics of pulmonary CO2 exchange

Hyde¹,

Puy²,

Raub³

et al. 1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…2, in such systems it was the total volume CO2 which was predetermined and which remained constant. The extracellular Pco, depended, among Anderson, Engel, Jorgensen & Astrup (1960); it is expressed in m-equiv/l. CO2 partial pressure (Pco,) was determined by a method based on the gas-bubble equilibration principle of Scholander & Roughton (1943).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of insulin action: the immediate electrochemical effects of insulin on red‐cell systems.

Dormandy¹,

Zarday²

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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While many metabolic effects of insulin on various organs and tissues have been demonstrated, the underlying mechanism of the hormone action has remained obscure. In the present paper evidence will be presented to show that insulin has an immediate electrochemical action on unwashed red cells. In subsequent papers an attempt will be made to relate this action to the hormone's sustained metabolic effects.The distinction between 'immediate electrochemical' and 'metabolic' effects is based on experimental conditions. The following points may be emphasized. All experiments to be described were performed at room temperature. The test systems were unwashed red cells suspended in simple inorganic saline media. No metabolic substrates-e.g. glucose, nucleosides-were added. Insulin and control solutions were introduced into parallel cell suspensions and immediate changes were recorded in three ways. First, extracellular pH and redox potentials (Eh) were monitored with electrodes. Secondly, the suspensions were spun without delay and electrolyte concentrations were estimated in the supernatant fluids and the lysed cell deposits. Third, where appropriate, manometric measurements were carried out in the Warburg apparatus. METHODSMaterial 'Unwashed red ceUls.' Fresh heparinized blood from fasting subjects was spun at approximately 1400 g for 15 min. The supernatant plasma and as much of the buffy coat as possible was removed. The spun cells were resuspended in the saline media indicated. No attempt was made to wash the cells free from plasma. The plasma content in the reconstituted extracellular fluids (measured as protein-nitrogen) varied between 2 and 5 % of the original plasma volume. Nucleated cell counts were < 500/cmm. Haematocrits were between 50-70%.

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“…The consequent increase in metabolic acidosis justifies the empirical administration of sodium bicarbonate solution intravenously-for example, 100 mEq in an adult. A sample of arterial blood is obtained as soon as is feasible, and the following measurements are made: (1) pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2), standard bicarbonate, base excess, and buffer base (Astrup, 1959 ;Andersen et al, 1960); (2) oxygen saturation (Sao,)-by means of the Kipp haemoreflector; and (3) where possible the tension of oxygen in arterial blood (Pao2). Collectively these measurements are referred to as blood-gas analysis.…”

Section: Outline Of Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crushed Chest Injury: Some Physiological Disturbances and Their Correction

Reid¹,

Baird²

1965

BMJ

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There was no increase in the total carrier-rate during the stay of patients in the cubicle ward, and only a small rise in the percentage carrying staphylococci resistant to two or more antibiotics.The rate of appearance of new strains of Staph. aureus on successive swabbing was investigated as a possible measure of the exposure of patients to infection. Isolation in cubicles did not have much effect on the rate of apparent acquisition of staphylococci sensitive to antibiotics or resistant only to penicillin, but it reduced considerably the rate for organisms resistant to two or more antibiotics.It seemed likely that many of the "acquisitions " were artifacts, due to the intermittent isolation of organisms carried before admission. For this reason, the rate of apparent acquisition of multiple-resistant strains-which are less often found in the nose of patients on admission-is a more sensitive index of exposure to infection in hospital than the rate of apparent acquisition of all strains of Staph. aureus. No likely source could be found for two-thirds of the apparent acquisitions. About half of the remainder could be attributed to infection from the staff and half to infection from patients in other cubicles. The rate of acquisition of strains from known sources might be a valuable measure of the effect of ward design on the risk of acquiring a hospital staphylococcus.

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A Micro Method for Determination of pH, Carbon Dioxide Tension, Base Excess and Standard Bicarbonate in Capillary Blood

Cited by 654 publications

References 3 publications

Rate of disappearance of labeled carbon dioxide from the lungs of humans during breath holding: a method for studying the dynamics of pulmonary CO2 exchange

Rate of disappearance of labeled carbon dioxide from the lungs of humans during breath holding: a method for studying the dynamics of pulmonary CO2 exchange

The mechanism of insulin action: the immediate electrochemical effects of insulin on red‐cell systems.

Crushed Chest Injury: Some Physiological Disturbances and Their Correction

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