A microanalytical method based on electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry for multielemental determination: comparison with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Simultaneous Determination of As, Bi, Sb, Se, Te, Hg, Pb and Sn by Small-Sized Electrothermal Vaporization Capacitively Coupled Plasma Microtorch Optical Emission Spectrometry Using Direct Liquid Microsampling

“…The corresponding limits in solid were as follows (mg kg −1 ): 0.35–As, 0.37–Bi, 0.20–Sb, 0.33–Se, 0.75–Te, 0.02–Hg, 0.13–Pb, and 0.08–Sn. It should be observed an enhancement of 2–20 folds of LODs by using the Maya2000 Pro microspectrometer compared to the QE65 Pro used in this study and previously [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. The very good detection limits achieved for these elements, even avoiding chemical vapor generation, were due to the higher sensitivity of the Maya2000 Pro microspectrometer ( Table 1 ) but also to the high stability of plasma discharge.…”

“…It can be noted that the plasma microtorch operated at 15 W is capable of exciting the emission resonance lines of As, Sb, and Pb and non-resonance lines of Bi, Hg, Se, Te, and Sn with excitation energies in the range of 4.33–7.54 eV. The excitation capability of the plasma source for the elements under study was similar to that observed for other elements, when the atomic resonance lines with low excitation energy (<7 eV) were also the most prominent [ 63 , 66 ]. The transitions corresponding to resonance and non-resonance lines with low excitation energy occur through electron–atom collisions and are consistent with the low electron density in the low-power Ar plasma [ 68 ].…”

“…In a recent study aiming to determine total Hg and CH 3 Hg + in food and river sediment by SSETV-µCCP-OES, it was remarked the capability of microplasma to provide several emission lines of Fe, S, and P in the range 180–200 nm [ 67 ]. In another study on the simultaneous determination of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sn, and Zn in soil, it was achieved a selective vaporization of Hg and Ag at 1200–1300 °C, while for the less volatile elements such as Cu and Zn, it was necessary a vaporization temperature of at least 1500 °C [ 66 ]. Based on these considerations, the present study tries to answer the question of whether the SSETV-µCCP-OES could be useful for the simultaneous determination of the common chemical vapor-generating elements by selective vaporization from liquid microsamples without derivatization.…”

“…In the same direction, our group reported the development of a fully miniaturized analytical system consisting of a small-sized Rh filament electrothermal vaporization device interfaced with a low power (15 W) and low argon consumption (150 mL min −1 ) capacitively coupled plasma microtorch for detection by optical emission spectrometry using a low-resolution microspectrometer (SSETV-µCCP-OES). Its usefulness was demonstrated for the simultaneous determination of several toxic elements in liquid microsamples (environment and food) as an alternative to ICP OES with pneumatic nebulization and GFAAS [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Feasibility of peak volume algorithm in electrothermal vaporization microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry

“…Electro‐thermal vaporization makes use of the instant heat on the heating element, such as metal wire, graphite/metal cup, or graphic rod to heat the sample on it so that elements with different boiling points will be sequentially vaporized and be carried into the source by carrier gas if combining with AES, or just stayed in the chamber if combining with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Yet, this heating sequence cannot be perfectly repeated on the heating elements; although equipped with advanced voltage and current controlling systems, other physical unstable factors caused by the heating element may break the stability of the heating sequence, and this influence is not that easy to be predicted, especially for metal heating elements.…”