A Microfluidic Paper‐Based Origami Nanobiosensor for Label‐Free, Ultrasensitive Immunoassays

Li, Xiao; Liu, Xinyu

doi:10.1002/adhm.201501038

Cited by 75 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] For these wired grids, the number of discrete sensing locations scales with the square of the number of wired leads connecting to the edges of the sensing surface. [39][40][41][42] The skin-like sensors in this work demonstrate the use of paper-based substrates for the potential scaling of humanmachine interfaces and liquid-leak detectors to large areas. This electronic layout with only two wired leads-excitation and ground-was capable of detecting human touch and dispensed water at defined spatial locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing

Zou

Chen

Liang

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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user interface. In other words, increasing resolution or adding sites for the detection of touch, generally requires augmenting the number of interconnects. With the exception of using a single electrode-based sensing technique to make natural and inanimate objects become user interfaces, there has been a lack of effort in the reduction of the number of wired leads required for scalable sensing of touch. [9] In contrast to electronic touch sensors, skin on humans/vertebrates uses hierarchical neural networks to transmit the relative spatial detection and intensity of force on fleshy surfaces to the brain. [10] These neural networks do not depend on having a pair of running wires for each location. Instead, they have developed mechanisms for sending spatial information about touch along the spinal cord. Inspired by this concept, Tee et al. presented a skininspired organic digital mechanoreceptor, which converted force-based stimuli into digital signals with varied frequencies to mimic the communication between biological mechanoreceptors and the brain. [11] Similarly, there are opportunities to build electrical networks to reduce the number of wired leads required for spatial detection of touch on synthetic electronic skins.The advancements in skin-like sensing with flexible electronics have moved toward the design and fabrication of active electronic components arrayed on flexible sheets with surface areas less than 10 cm in diameter. [12][13][14][15][16] For example, Someya and co-workers demonstrated an application of thin-film transistors in skin-like sensors capable of measuring distributed pressures over a 9 cm × 9 cm footprint. [12] The size of the sensors is typically dependent on the method of fabrication, and current skin-like sensors often cover small areas (i.e., much less area than that of human skin) because of the limited size of semiconductor-based wafers. As mentioned previously, the number of wired leads in conventional arrays of skin-like sensors increases with the square root of the number of buttons. While this scaling may appear favorable, there are still difficulties with making large sensing grids, as a larger quantity of traces requires more space for wired connections and multiplexed measurements.In this work, we present an approach to passive sensing for skin-like sensors consisting of tunable resistive networks and This work presents a unique approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of paper-based, skin-like sensors that use patterned resistive networks for passive, scalable sensing with a reduced number of interconnects. When touched or wetted with water, the sensors in the resistive networks detect significant changes in electrical impedance. Fabricating these resistive networks and sensors in a single sheet of metallized paper reduces the number of distinct inputs/outputs to the arrayed sensors. For human-electrode interactions, circuit-based models guide the design/material processing of the resistive networks and selection of operating frequencies-typically ranging...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing

Zou

Chen

Liang

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Most previous work used three-dimensional origami paper devices with folding to generate the ELISA washing process. 14,33,34 To further validate the applicability of the RAM valves on paper-based microfluidic chips for bioanalysis, we carried out ELISA analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is a typical biomarker for cancer diagnosis, as a proof-of-concept experiment.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>Controlling Capillary-driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using Movable Valve </strong>

2017

Proceedings of the 7th International Multidisciplinary Conference on Optofluidics 2017

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This paper describes a novel strategy for fabricating the movable valve on paper-based microfluidic devices to manipulate capillary-driven fluids. The movable valve fabrication is first realized using hollow rivets as the holding center to control the paper channel in different layer movement that results in the channel's connection or disconnection. The relatively simple valve fabrication procedure is robust, versatile, and compatible with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) with differing levels of complexity. It is remarkable that the movable valve can be convenient and free to control fluid without the timing setting, advantages that make it user-friendly for untrained users to carry out the complex multistep operations. For the performance of the movable valve to be verified, several different designs of μPADs were tested and obtained with satisfactory results. In addition, in the proof-of-concept enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments, we demonstrate the use of these valves in μPADs for the successful analysis of samples of carcino-embryonic antigen, showing good sensitivity and reproducibility. We hope this technique will open new avenues for the fabrication of paper-based valves in an easily adoptable and widely available way on μPADs and provide potential point-of-care applications in the future. P aper-based microfluidics has shown great potential over the past few decades as a promising and powerful platform.1−4 It mainly relies on attractive features including cheapness, ease-of-operation, lightweight transport, and compatibility with biological samples. Moreover, the cellulose papers can wick aqueous samples by capillary force, allowing them to operate without any external pump. Inspired by this technique, many researchers have put significant efforts toward the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and this technology has been developing as quickly as a bamboo shoot after a spring rain. 5−10 However, when more complicated or multistep assays are required for the μPADs, 5,11,12 how the fluid should be manipulated is of great importance for realizing the essential function of performing multiple processing steps and assay detection for various applications.13−15 As a crucial and essential functional component for controlling fluid transport, the valve plays an important role in fluid manipulation and enhances the fluidic capability of μPADs.There is a set of techniques that was reported for manipulating fluid to realize the valve function of μPADs by relying on various mechanisms. 16−19 This mainly consists of three strategies. First, the channel's geometry can be varied to result in different arrival times for controlling the liquid flow.Fu, Osborn, and Songok have demonstrated flow delay through changing the shape of the channel. 20−22 The second strategy makes use of chemicals to influence physicochemical properties, including the viscosity of the fluid and the homogeneity of the paper to manipulate the fluid. For instance, the imple...

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“…Paper‐based microfluidic sensors respond rapidly and precisely, and paper is low cost, environmentally friendly, disposable, and easy to fabricate. To date, numerous microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (µPADs) for quantifying the analyte concentration in an aqueous solution have been presented . However, with regard to achieving wearable goals, including better attachment to the skin surface and mechanically compliant properties, the paper‐based microfluidic platform cannot meet these requirements, and tremendous efforts have recently been made to select suitable substrate materials for the fabrication of wearable microfluidic sensors.…”

Section: Materials Selection and Fabrication For Wearable Microfluidicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Wearable Microfluidic Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring

Cao

et al. 2019

Small

141

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Wearable flexible sensors based on integrated microfluidic networks with multiplex analysis capability are emerging as a new paradigm to assess human health status and show great potential in application fields such as clinical medicine and athletic monitoring. Well‐designed microfluidic sensors can be attached to the skin surface to acquire various pieces of physiological information with high precision, such as sweat loss, information regarding metabolites, and electrolyte balance. Herein, the recent progress of wearable microfluidic sensors for applications in healthcare monitoring is summarized, including analysis principles and microfabrication methods. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for wearable microfluidic sensors in practical applications are discussed.

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A Microfluidic Paper‐Based Origami Nanobiosensor for Label‐Free, Ultrasensitive Immunoassays

Cited by 75 publications

References 40 publications

Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing

Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing

<strong>Controlling Capillary-driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using Movable Valve </strong>

Advanced Wearable Microfluidic Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring

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