A Microwave Field-Induced Nonlinear Metamaterial with Wafer Integration Level

Abstract

Field-induced nonlinear materials, with extended abilities of manipulating electromagnetic waves, have been widely employed in electromagnetic protection, absorption, and detection. Until now, it was found that the field-induced nonlinearity mainly shows in the optical and terahertz frequency bands. Applying the microwave band into such technical activities is hampered due to a lack of investigations on the nonlinearity caused by microwave electric fields, especially in the ultrawideband and microwave highfrequency bands. In this paper, a nonlinear metamaterial (NLMM) concept based on the integration of metamaterial structures and a semiconductor on the same wafer is proposed, which shows nonlinear behavior to the electromagnetics' field energy in the microwave band. The designed NLMM is transparent to low-density electromagnetic radiation fields, while it adaptively becomes opaque to highdensity electromagnetic radiation fields. Two types of NLMM are designed to verify the nonlinear characteristics of ultrawide and narrow bands in the microwave band, respectively. The concept of NLMM can be used for the application of the microwave frequency band in electromagnetic protection and detection.

Self-Powered Terahertz Modulators Based on Metamaterials, Liquid Crystals, and Triboelectric Nanogenerators

“…Terahertz spectrum communication can achieve ultrawide bandwidth, ultrahigh transmission rate, and other excellent performances, making it a pivotal technology direction in the evolution toward 6G communication systems, especially in applications like intelligent transportation systems leveraging information technology. However, the development of terahertz communications has long been limited by the lack of high-frequency response materials and devices in the terahertz band. Electromagnetic metamaterials , based on micro nanoelectronics technology , can achieve a variety of regulatory effects on terahertz waves.…”