A Middle Pennsylvanian Basidiomycete Mycelium with Clamp Connections

Dennis, Robert L.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1970.12018997

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Homobasidiomycetes are nested within a more inclusive clade, the basidiomycetes, which also includes smuts, rusts, jelly fungi, and certain yeasts. The oldest unambiguous fossil basidiomycete is Palaeancistrus martinii , which is a hyphal fossil from a Pennsylvanian coal ball (≈ 300 Ma; Dennis, 1970). Palaeancistrus has clamp connections, indicating that it is a basidiomycete, but it lacks other characters that would be necessary to determine whether it is a homobasidiomycete or some other kind of basidiomycete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiitake mushrooms and molecular clocks: historical biogeography of Lentinula

Hibbett

2001

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Fungi make up a large, ecologically important group of eukaryotes that has been neglected in historical biogeography. In this study, molecular phylogenies and molecular clock dating were used to infer historical biogeography of the shiitake genus, Lentinula Earle, which occurs in both the Old World and New World. The major goals of this study were to determine if the Old World and New World groups are monophyletic, and whether the Old World/New World disjunction is the result of vicariance or long distance dispersal. Location Collections studied are from Asia, Australasia, the Gulf Coast region of North America, the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America. Methods Phylogenetic trees were inferred with nuclear large subunit (nuc‐Isu) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Molecular clock dating was performed using trees derived from nuc‐Isu rDNA and mitochondrial small‐subunit (mt‐ssu) rDNA sequences. Rate constancy was tested with maximum likelihood, and clocks were calibrated using evidence from fossils or other molecular clock studies, or according to expected ages under different historical biogeographic scenarios. Results Analyses of ITS and nuc‐Isu rDNA sequences suggest that there are seven species of Lentinula worldwide, which occur in two main clades, one in the New World the other in the Old World. Rate constancy cannot be rejected in nuc‐Isu rDNA, but can be rejected in mt‐ssu rDNA. Both genes suggest that the Old World/New World disjunction could be due to fragmentation of an ancient Laurasian range. An alternative Gondwanan hypothesis is not supported by the molecular clock age estimates. Main conclusions Only one long distance dispersal event must be invoked in Lentinula, that being between Australia and New Zealand. Despite having airborne spores, it appears that long distance dispersal is rare in Lentinula. This may also be true in other fungi, which are therefore excellent candidates for historical biogeographic studies using molecular characters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiitake mushrooms and molecular clocks: historical biogeography of Lentinula

Hibbett

2001

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Minimum age estimates are provided by a limited number of fossils, including spores of Glomerales (Glomeromycota) from the Ordovician (460 million years ago [mya]; Redecker et al, 2000), Chytridiomycota and Ascomycota (including lichens) from the Devonian (400 mya; Taylor et al, 1992Taylor et al, , 1995Taylor et al, , 1999, hyphae with clamp connections (which are diagnostic for Basidiomycota) from the Pennsylvanian (290 [Vol. 91 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY mya; Dennis, 1970), and fruiting bodies of Basidiomycota from the Cretaceous Smith et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits

Lutzoni

Kauff

Cox

et al. 2004

American J of Botany

729

436

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Based on an overview of progress in molecular systematics of the true fungi (Fungi/Eumycota) since 1990, little overlap was found among single-locus data matrices, which explains why no large-scale multilocus phylogenetic analysis had been undertaken to reveal deep relationships among fungi. As part of the project "Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life" (AFTOL), results of four Bayesian analyses are reported with complementary bootstrap assessment of phylogenetic confidence based on (1) a combined two-locus data set (nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA) with 558 species representing all traditionally recognized fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota) and the Glomeromycota, (2) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, and mitSSU rDNA) with 236 species, (3) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, and RPB2) with 157 species, and (4) a combined four-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, mitSSU rDNA, and RPB2) with 103 species. Because of the lack of complementarity among single-locus data sets, the last three analyses included only members of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The four-locus analysis resolved multiple deep relationships within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota that were not revealed previously or that received only weak support in previous studies. The impact of this newly discovered phylogenetic structure on supraordinal classifications is discussed. Based on these results and reanalysis of subcellular data, current knowledge of the evolution of septal features of fungal hyphae is synthesized, and a preliminary reassessment of ascomal evolution is presented. Based on previously unpublished data and sequences from GenBank, this study provides a phylogenetic synthesis for the Fungi and a framework for future phylogenetic studies on fungi.

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“…The fungus occurs in the cortical tissues of a small fern and consists of clampbearing hyphae (Fig. Other reports of late Paleozoic clamp-bearing hyphae, interestingly also associated with ferns, include Palaeancistrus martinii from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America (Dennis 1970) and an unnamed form that thrives in the root mantle of Psaronius tree ferns from the Lower Permian of Germany (Barthel et al 2010). The presence of callosities in some host cells suggests that the plant was alive at the time the fungus invaded the tissues.…”

Section: E Basidiomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics and Evolution

McLaughlin¹,

Spatafora²

2015

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A Middle Pennsylvanian Basidiomycete Mycelium with Clamp Connections

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Shiitake mushrooms and molecular clocks: historical biogeography of Lentinula

Shiitake mushrooms and molecular clocks: historical biogeography of Lentinula

Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits

Systematics and Evolution

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