A Middle Pennsylvanian Basidiomycete Mycelium with Clamp Connections

Dennis, Robert L.

doi:10.2307/3757529

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The hyphae and clamp connections are somewhat similar to those described by Dennis (1969Dennis ( , 1970, but are Middle Mississippian (*330 Ma) in age, and thus approximately 25 Ma older than the oldest direct fossil evidence of Basidiomycota.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Moreover, development of hyphal branches from clamp connections, which is a common feature among certain modern basidiomycetes (Routien 1948), has been documented for both fossil forms ( Fig. 1j; and see Dennis 1970, fig. 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, fossil evidence for this hypothesis has been exceedingly slow to accumulate, and is largely restricted to records from the Mesozoic (Osborn et al 1989;Hibbett et al 1997;Krassilov and Makulbekov 2003;Poinar and Brown 2003;Smith et al 2004) and Cenozoic (Poinar and Singer 1990;Magallón-Puebla and Cevallos-Ferriz 1993;LePage et al 1997;Hibbett et al 2003;Fleischmann et al 2007). To date the oldest undisputed basidiomycete body fossil is Palaeancistrus martinii from the Middle Pennsylvanian (Dennis 1969(Dennis , 1970.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first generally accepted basidiomycete body fossils with this feature occur in a structurally preserved Zygopteris illinoiensis (Andrews) Baxter rhizome from the Middle Pennsylvanian (*305 Ma) of North America and are described as Palaeancistrus martinii R.L. Dennis (Dennis 1970). This fungus consists of branching, septate hyphae with clamp connections and hyphal swellings suggested as representing chlamydospores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oldest fossil basidiomycete clamp connections

et al. 2011

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A rachis of the fossil filicalean fern Botryopteris antiqua containing abundant septate hyphae with clamp connections is preserved in a late Visean (Mississippian; *330 Ma) chert from Esnost (Autun Basin) in central France. Largely unbranched tubular hyphae pass from cell to cell, but may sometimes produce a branch from a clamp connection. Other clamp-bearing hyphae occur clustered in individual cells or small groups of adjacent host cells. These hyphae may be tubular, catenulate with numerous hyphal swellings, or they may display a combination of both. The Visean hyphae with clamp connections predate Palaeancistrus martinii, the heretofore oldest direct fossil evidence of Basidiomycota, by some 25 Ma.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oldest fossil basidiomycete clamp connections

et al. 2011

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“…Whereas a post-Paleozoic increase in fungal abundance has been suggested (21,55), Carboniferous fossils provide direct evidence that fungi were taxonomically and ecologically diverse (56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68). This is despite the recent recognition that fungal diversity and abundance is likely to be underestimated due to the selective loss of fungal fossils with standard fossil preparation techniques (68).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 39%

Delayed fungal evolution did not cause the Paleozoic peak in coal production

Nelsen

DiMichele

Peters

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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Organic carbon burial plays a critical role in Earth systems, influencing atmospheric O 2 and CO 2 concentrations and, thereby, climate. The Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic is so named for massive, widespread coal deposits. A widely accepted explanation for this peak in coal production is a temporal lag between the evolution of abundant lignin production in woody plants and the subsequent evolution of lignin-degrading Agaricomycetes fungi, resulting in a period when vast amounts of lignin-rich plant material accumulated. Here, we reject this evolutionary lag hypothesis, based on assessment of phylogenomic, geochemical, paleontological, and stratigraphic evidence. Lignin-degrading Agaricomycetes may have been present before the Carboniferous, and lignin degradation was likely never restricted to them and their class II peroxidases, because lignin modification is known to occur via other enzymatic mechanisms in other fungal and bacterial lineages. Furthermore, a large proportion of Carboniferous coal horizons are dominated by unlignified lycopsid periderm with equivalent coal accumulation rates continuing through several transitions between floral dominance by lignin-poor lycopsids and lignin-rich tree ferns and seed plants. Thus, biochemical composition had little relevance to coal accumulation. Throughout the fossil record, evidence of decay is pervasive in all organic matter exposed subaerially during deposition, and high coal accumulation rates have continued to the present wherever environmental conditions permit. Rather than a consequence of a temporal decoupling of evolutionary innovations between fungi and plants, Paleozoic coal abundance was likely the result of a unique combination of everwet tropical conditions and extensive depositional systems during the assembly of Pangea.lignin | carbon cycle | wood rot | fungi | lignin degradation

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Studies of Paleozoic Fungi. Iv. Wood‐decaying Fungi in Callixylon Newberryi From the Upper Devonian

Stubblefield

Taylor

Beck

1985

American J of Botany

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An extensive fungal infection is present in silicified specimens of Callixylon newberryi (Dawson) Elkins and Wieland from the Upper Devonian of Indiana. Fungi are represented by branched, septate filaments with both terminal and intercalary chlamydospores. Clamp connections were not observed. Tracheids of the secondary xylem, decayed in varying degrees, show erosion troughs, cavities, and extensive lysis of tracheid walls. The pattern of decay is most similar to modem-day white rots, which are typically caused by basidiomycetes, while hyphal features are characteristic of either ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. The presence of wood decay coupled with a septate mycelium suggests the presence of higher fungi in the Devonian and indicates a more diverse Devonian mycoflora than has previously been recognized.

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A Middle Pennsylvanian Basidiomycete Mycelium with Clamp Connections

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Oldest fossil basidiomycete clamp connections

Oldest fossil basidiomycete clamp connections

Delayed fungal evolution did not cause the Paleozoic peak in coal production

Studies of Paleozoic Fungi. Iv. Wood‐decaying Fungi in Callixylon Newberryi From the Upper Devonian

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