A Mild One-Step Solvothermal Route to Metal Phosphides (Metal=Co, Ni, Cu)

Chemical Routes for Production of Transition‐Metal Phosphides on the Nanoscale: Implications for Advanced Magnetic and Catalytic Materials

“…This permitted single phase Co 2 P, Ni 2 P, and Cu 3 P to be formed. [5,6] Crystallite sizes range from 1±200 nm, depending on the reaction, but in all cases there appears to be a large (though frequently unreported) polydispersity. Although the authors postulate mechanisms for nanoparticle production and the role of various agents in particle formation and shape generation, there is still much that is not understood, including how the particular phase and crystallite size can be controlled.…”

Solvothermal Synthesis of Non‐Oxide Nanomaterials

“…Metal phosphide nanoparticles of Co 2 P, Ni 2 P and Cu 3 P were also prepared in en at 80-140 C, when the diamine solvent serves as an N-chelating ligand and reagent for scavenging chlorine from the metal salts [81]. Recently, titanium phosphides were synthesized via solvothermal co-reduction of PCl 3 and TiCl 4 at 300 and 350 C using metallic sodium as reductant (Reaction (29)) [82].…”

A Novel Route to the Preparation of Carbon Supported Nickel Phosphide Catalysts by a Microwave Heating Process

“…For instance, nickel phosphide (Ni 2 P) has been found to be highly active for hydrogenation [2,3], hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) [4,11], and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Stimulated by these potential applications, innovations in synthesis methods have been greatly encouraged, such as reduction of phosphates [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], phosphine method, [12,13] solvothermal synthesis using elemental P as the phosphorus source [14][15][16], thermal decomposition of hypophosphites [17], and thermal decomposition of metal-phosphine complexes [18,19]. For the purpose of catalysis, the catalyst must have a large surface area so as to create active sites as many as possible.…”

“…In this synthesis, activated carbon (AC) acts both as the support to disperse Ni 2 P nanoparticles and as the microwave absorbed heating medium, while red phosphorus is used as the P source because it can readily react with metal halide at a relatively low temperature to form metal phosphide [12][13][14]. With the aid of microwave irradiation, the whole reaction process took only less than 7 min, significantly more efficient than the conventional heating.…”