A milestone for normal development of the infantile brain detected by functional MRI

Yamada, Hiroki; Sadato, Norihiro; Konishi, Y.; Muramoto, Satoshi; Kimura, Kouki; Tanaka, Masato; Yonekura, Yoshiharu; Ishii, Yasushi; Itoh, Harumi

doi:10.1212/wnl.55.2.218

Cited by 101 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Language, motor and visual fMRI studies in children under 5 years showed age-related BOLD responses (Martin et al, 1999). Whereas awake adults showed consistent occipital positive BOLD responses to visual stimulation (Belliveau et al, 1991), children presented either positive or negative BOLD changes, depending on their age (Morita et al, 2000;Yamada et al, 2000;Marcar et al, 2004). However, normal children above eight years have showed no differences compared to adults in sensory and cognitive studies (Casey et al, 1997;Thomas et al, 1999).…”

Section: Hrfs Correlation With Agementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In early fMRI studies in children, it has been hypothesized that age-related increases in oxygen consumption are due to changes in synaptic density or to high-energy consumption by ineffective recruitment of synapses or the presence of superfluous synaptic connections (Huttenlocher, 1979;Yamada et al, 2000;Marcar et al, 2004). As a result, higher levels of deoxyhemoglobin following an event are expected in very young children.…”

Section: Hrfs Correlation With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of the hemodynamic response as a function of age and frequency of epileptic discharge in children with epilepsy

et al. 2008

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EEG-fMRI is a non-invasive tool to investigate epileptogenic networks in patients with epilepsy. Different patterns of BOLD responses have been observed in children as compared to adults. A high intra-and intersubject variability of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) to epileptic discharges has been observed in adults. The actual HRF to epileptic discharges in children and its dependence on age are unknown. We analyzed 64 EEG-fMRI event types in 37 children (3 months to 18 years), 92% showing a significant BOLD response. HRFs were calculated for each BOLD cluster using a Fourier basis set. After excluding HRFs with a low signal-to-noise ratio, 126 positive and 98 negative HRFs were analyzed. We evaluated age-dependent changes as well as the effect of increasing numbers of spikes. Peak time, amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the HRF and the t-statistic score of the cluster were used as dependent variables. We observed significantly longer peak times of the HRF in the youngest children (0 to 2 years), suggesting that the use of multiple HRFs might be important in this group. A different coupling between neuronal activity and metabolism or blood flow in young children may cause this phenomenon. Even if the t-value increased with frequent spikes, the amplitude of the HRF decreased significantly with spike frequency. This reflects a violation of the assumptions of the General Linear Model and therefore the use of alternative analysis techniques may be more appropriate with high spiking rates, a common situation in children.

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Section: Hrfs Correlation With Agementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Hrfs Correlation With Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the hemodynamic response as a function of age and frequency of epileptic discharge in children with epilepsy

et al. 2008

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“…Born et al [1996Born et al [ , 1998 reported that flickering light stimulation induced a signal decrease in the occipital region in infants, which is different from the signal increase in adults, and that the localization of the activation was age-dependent. Furthermore, Yamada et al [1997Yamada et al [ , 2000 reported an inverse response in infants that is related to a developmental process of white matter myelination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive optical imaging in the visual cortex in young infants

Kusaka

Kawada

Okubo

et al. 2004

Human Brain Mapping

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During the developmental stage, the brain undergoes anatomic, functional, and metabolic changes necessary to support the complex adaptive behavior of a mature individual. Estimation of developmental changes occurring in different regions of the brain would provide a means of relating various behavioral phenomena to maturation-specific brain structures, thereby providing useful information on structure-function relationships in both normal and disease states. We used multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (MNIRS), a new noninvasive imaging technique for revealing the course of neural activity in selected brain regions, to monitor the activities of the visual cortex as mirrored by hemodynamic responses in infants subjected to photostimulation during natural sleep. In the infants, oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin decreased and deoxyhemoglobin increased in the visual cortex with photostimulation. This pattern of responses was different from the response pattern in adults reported previously. The different patterns of responses to photostimulation in the visual cortices of infants and adults might reflect developmental and behavioral differences. It may reflect a different functional organization of the visual cortex in infants or ongoing retinal development. Our results demonstrated that regional hemodynamic change could be detected in a small area around the visual cortex. MNIRS offers considerable potential for research and noninvasive clinical applications. Hum. Brain Mapp. 22:122-132, 2004.

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“…A more accurate measure of the changes in myelination that accompany increases in development is needed, one that relies less on qualitative judgments and more on a quantitative measure. Such attempts have been made looking at myelination [18,19]. Quantitative analyses of white matter myelination in the visual pathways were performed using MRI, and a positive relation was found between age and myelination development in the proximal optic radiation and the distal optic radiation [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such attempts have been made looking at myelination [18,19]. Quantitative analyses of white matter myelination in the visual pathways were performed using MRI, and a positive relation was found between age and myelination development in the proximal optic radiation and the distal optic radiation [18]. However, for asphyxiated infants, the qualitative judgment was more predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome than was the quantitative assessment [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative measure of myelination development in infants, using MR images

et al. 2004

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The objective of this study was to measure myelination of frontal lobe changes in infants and young children. Twenty-four cases of infants and children (age range 12-121 months) were evaluated by a quantitative assessment of T2-weighted MR image features. Reliable quantitative changes between white and gray matter correlated with developmental age in a group of children with no neurological findings. Myelination appears to be an increasing exponential function with the greatest rate of change occurring over the first 3 years of life. The quantitative changes observed were in accordance with previous qualitative judgments of myelination development. Children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) showed delays in achieving levels of myelination when compared to normal children and adjusted for chronological age. The quantitative measure of myelination development may prove to be useful in assessing the stages of development and helpful in the quantitative descriptions of white matter disorders such as PVL.

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A milestone for normal development of the infantile brain detected by functional MRI

Cited by 101 publications

References 27 publications

Variability of the hemodynamic response as a function of age and frequency of epileptic discharge in children with epilepsy

Variability of the hemodynamic response as a function of age and frequency of epileptic discharge in children with epilepsy

Noninvasive optical imaging in the visual cortex in young infants

A quantitative measure of myelination development in infants, using MR images

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