A Millimetre-Wave Tri-Band Antenna Embedded on Smart Watch for Wearable Applications

Ahmad, Sarosh; Ghaffar, Adnan; Li, Xue Jun; Cherif, Nabil

doi:10.23919/isap47258.2021.9614492

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, the ME dipole antenna based on PGW technology at 60 GHz is presented. Since any wireless device must include antennas or antenna arrays that are always close to the customer's body, the extreme attachment of people to cell devices can lead to longlasting exposure to EM radiation [42], [43]. So, EM exposure to wireless devices is to be firmly regulated globally to ensure the safety of consumers [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Printed Gap Waveguide Antenna at 60 GHz on the Human Body

Hamada,

M. Ali,

Shams

et al. 2024

Journal of Advanced Engineering Trends

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Printed Gap Waveguide Antenna at 60 GHz on the Human Body

Hamada,

M. Ali,

Shams

et al. 2024

Journal of Advanced Engineering Trends

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“…In the era of increasingly diverse communication methods, the vast majority of smartwatches realize the function of communication through the Operating System (OS), connecting to Wi-Fi or inserting a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card to access the Internet, also interconnecting with other smart terminals using Bluetooth. Hence, smartwatches need multiple antennas or multi-band antennas to support these functions [35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Miniaturized Tri-band Wearable Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Theory

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

PIER C

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In this study, a tri-band wearable antenna with a metal frame of 36 × 36 × 6.6 mm 3 is designed, fabricated, and measured based on the characteristic mode theory. By analyzing the current and electric field distribution of the characteristic mode, the antenna is determined to be fed by a T-coupled structure. Moreover, a circular ring ground structure is added to the initial elliptical model structure to generate a new resonance in the n78 band. On the other hand, the current's path is changed by etching a rectangular slot, allowing the high-frequency resonance mode to be shifted to the right. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna covers Bluetooth/Wi-Fi (2.4G, 5.8G) and N78 frequency bands, which can be respectively used for connecting a watch to a mobile phone, accessing the Internet and making phone calls. Furthermore, the antenna has a maximum peak gain of 4.11 dBi in free space and 6.9 dBi when being placed on the wrist, with a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) lower than international standards, making it suitable for wearable devices.

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“…At 5G mm-wave frequencies, an antenna’s geometrical structure and small size play a critical role in the communication system. Antennas for 5G must also have high gain and efficiency due to increased air absorption and attenuations [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, the 5G antenna’s strong gain is compromised due to its compact size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Tri-Band Wearable Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

Ahmad

Boubakar

Naseer

et al. 2022

Sensors

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A printed monopole antenna for millimeter-wave applications in the 5G frequency region is described in this research. As a result, the proposed antenna resonates in three frequency bands that are designated for 5G communication systems, including 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz (V band). For the sake of compactness, the coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used. The overall size of the proposed tri-band antenna is 4 mm × 3 mm × 0.25 mm. Using a watch strap and human tissue, such as skin, the proposed antenna gives steady results. At 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz, the antenna’s gain is found to be 5.29 dB, 7.47 dB, and 9 dB, respectively. The overall simulated radiation efficiency is found to be 85% over the watch strap. Wearable devices are a great fit for the proposed tri-band antenna. The antenna prototype was built and tested in order to verify its performance. It can be observed that the simulated and measured results are in close contact. According to our comparative research, the proposed antenna is a good choice for smart 5G devices because of its small size and simple structure, as well as its high gain and radiation efficiency.

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A Millimetre-Wave Tri-Band Antenna Embedded on Smart Watch for Wearable Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

The Effect of a Printed Gap Waveguide Antenna at 60 GHz on the Human Body

The Effect of a Printed Gap Waveguide Antenna at 60 GHz on the Human Body

Design of Miniaturized Tri-band Wearable Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Theory

Design of a Tri-Band Wearable Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

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