A MIMO FMCW radar approach to HFSWR

Hinz, J.; Zölzer, Udo

doi:10.5194/ars-9-159-2011

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Once the buffer is filled with 64 sweeps, the Fourier transformation is performed to extract the beat frequency and Doppler shift to measure the range and relative speed of the target vehicle (Gao et al 2012;Adany et al 2009). The single chirp FMCW waveform can be expressed as (Hinz and Zölzer 2011): where 't' is the variable time within the single chirp period, 'f s ' is the start frequency of the chirp, and α indicates the sweep-rate, which is defined as the ratio of the chirp-bandwidth (B) divided by the chirp-duration (T). The received signal is a time delay replica of the transmitted signal which can be expressed as (Hinz and Zölzer 2011) Where 'A' represents the attenuation during round-trip time of the signal to propagate from the radar system to the target and back.…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The single chirp FMCW waveform can be expressed as (Hinz and Zölzer 2011): where 't' is the variable time within the single chirp period, 'f s ' is the start frequency of the chirp, and α indicates the sweep-rate, which is defined as the ratio of the chirp-bandwidth (B) divided by the chirp-duration (T). The received signal is a time delay replica of the transmitted signal which can be expressed as (Hinz and Zölzer 2011) Where 'A' represents the attenuation during round-trip time of the signal to propagate from the radar system to the target and back. In mathematical terms, the beat frequency signal of a static point target is expressed in the following equation (Hinz and Zölzer 2011) Then, the zero intermediate frequency echo signal is obtained as This beat signal is sampled with frequency f s = 1/T s during each ramp and can be expressed as (Song et al 2014):…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The received signal is a time delay replica of the transmitted signal which can be expressed as (Hinz and Zölzer 2011) Where 'A' represents the attenuation during round-trip time of the signal to propagate from the radar system to the target and back. In mathematical terms, the beat frequency signal of a static point target is expressed in the following equation (Hinz and Zölzer 2011) Then, the zero intermediate frequency echo signal is obtained as This beat signal is sampled with frequency f s = 1/T s during each ramp and can be expressed as (Song et al 2014):…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Range-speed mapping and target-classification measurements of automotive targets using photonic-radar

et al. 2020

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The frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar is an ideal choice for autonomous vehicle and surveillance-related industries due to its ability to measure the relative target-velocity, target-range, and target-characterization. Unlike conventional microwave radar systems, the photonic radar has the potential to offer wider bandwidth to attain high range-resolution at low input power requirements. Subsequently, a frequency-modulated continuous-wave photonic-radar is developed to measure the target-range and velocity of the automotive mobile targets concurrently with acceptable rang resolution keeping in mind the needs of the state-of-the-art autonomous vehicle industry. Furthermore, the target-identification is also an important parameter to be measured to enable the futuristic autonomous vehicles for the recognition of the objects along with their dimensions. Therefore, the reported work is extended to characterize the target-objects by measuring the specular-reflectance, diffuse-reflectance, the ratio of horizontal-axis to vertical-axis, refractive index constants of the targets using the bidirectional reflectance distribution function. Furthermore, the reflectance properties of the target-objects are also measured with different operating wavelengths at different incident angles to assess the influence of the operating wavelength and the angle at which the radar-pulses incident on the surface of the targets. Moreover, to validate the performance of the demonstrated work, a comparison is also presented in distinction with the conventional microwave FMCW-RADAR.

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Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Range-speed mapping and target-classification measurements of automotive targets using photonic-radar

et al. 2020

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“…Similar to all radar applications, the proposed configuration works based on the concept of signal reflection by a target of interest [9]- [12]. However, implementing the signal over MIMO requires orthogonality between FMCW signals as presented by Hinz et al in their paper [13] , which discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each FMCW MIMO approach. However, performance-wise of each system was not explained in the report.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar

Zainuddin

Rashid

Pasya

et al. 2021

IJECE

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Small vessels detection is a known issue due to its low radar cross section (RCS). An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. The paper presented a co-located frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) maritime radar for small vessel detection utilising a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The radar behaviour is numerically simulated for detecting a Swerling 1 target which resembles small maritime’s vessels. The simulated MIMO configuration comprised two transmitting and receiving nodes. The proposal is to utilize a multi-frequency FMCW MIMO configuration in a maritime environment by applying the spectrum averaging (SA) to fuse MIMO received signals for range and velocity estimation. The analysis was summarised and displayed in terms of estimation error performance, probability of error and average error. The simulation outcomes an improvement of 2.2 dB for a static target, and 0.1 dB for a moving target, in resulting the 20% probability of range error with the MIMO setup. A moving vessel's effect was observed to degrade the range error estimation performance between 0.6 to 2.7 dB. Meanwhile, the proposed method was proven to improve the 20% probability of velocity error by 1.75 dB. The impact of multi-frequency MIMO was also observed to produce better average error performance.

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“…For example, a well studied MIMO application to the over-the-horizon HF radar has been described in [9]. The possibility of using MIMO FMCW approach in HF surface wave radar has been shown in [10] where the transmitter elements can be operated in the same or partially same frequency band simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial results of ship detection and tracking using WERA HF ocean radar with MIMO configuration

Dzvonkovskaya¹,

Helzel²,

Peterson³

et al. 2014

2014 15th International Radar Symposium (IRS)

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High-Frequency (HF) radars are operated in the 3-30 MHz frequency band. For oceanographic applications low transmit power HF radar systems have been developed, which use surface electromagnetic wave propagation along the salty ocean surface. This paper presents a new approach to use Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique for compact HF ocean radar deployments and positive economic benefits without reducing overall system performance. The initial results show that such MIMO HF radar configuration can be used for both oceanographic measurements and ship tracking applications. Ship detection and tracking are tested using real WERA HF radar measurements for a MIMO configuration with collocated receive antennas. The comparison between standard and MIMO mode results is focused on azimuthal angle estimation.

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A MIMO FMCW radar approach to HFSWR

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Range-speed mapping and target-classification measurements of automotive targets using photonic-radar

Range-speed mapping and target-classification measurements of automotive targets using photonic-radar

A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar

Initial results of ship detection and tracking using WERA HF ocean radar with MIMO configuration

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