A Mini-Review on Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification Reactions

Sirsam, R.; Hansora, Dharmesh; Usmani, Ghayas A.

doi:10.1007/s40034-016-0078-4

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Also, they are the best examples of reversible reactions (Jia et al, 2018; Reid, 1937; Yadav & Mehta, 1994). It is also an industrially important reaction, as organic esters are significant intermediates in the synthesis of fine chemicals, drugs, plasticizers, food preservatives, and cosmetics (Sirsam et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases

Bôas

Castro

2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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The esterification reactions catalyzed by lipases are among the most significant biochemical processes of industrial relevance. The lipases have the function of versatility by catalyzing a diversity of reactions with extreme ease, obtaining quality products with high yield. Therefore, enzyme-catalyzed esterification has gained increasing attention in many applications, due to the importance of derived products.More specifically, lipase-catalyzed esterification reactions have attracted interest in research over the past decade, due to the increased use of organic esters in the chemical and biotechnology industry. These esters can be obtained by three techniques: extraction from natural sources, chemical and enzymatic syntheses. Biotechnological processes have offered several advantages and are shown as a competitive alternative to chemical methods due to high catalytic efficiency, mild operating conditions, and selectivity of natural catalysts. These an industrial point of view, reactions catalyzed by enzymes are the most economical approach to achieve green products with no toxicity and no harm to human health. Thus, this review presents a descriptive evaluation of the trends and perspectives applied to enzymatic esterification, mainly for the synthesis of esters with different properties, such as aromatics, emulsifiers, and lubricants using the esterification process. An emphasis is given to essential factors, which affect the lipase-catalyzed esterification reaction. In which, the parameters are dependent on the lipase source, a form of the biocatalyst (free or immobilized), the polarity of the reaction medium, the molar ratio between alcohol and acid, among other variables, are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases

Bôas

Castro

2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…Still, these homogeneous catalysts have been related to problems such as waste toxicity, corrosion and malfunctions in the industrial setups. 8 Therefore, there is a need for heterogeneous acid catalysts capable of competing in activity with the traditional homogenous ones. Moreover, with the shift of the chemical industry to greener processes the use of heterogeneous catalysts is privileged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autocatalyzed and heterogeneously catalyzed esterification kinetics of glycolic acid with ethanol

et al. 2022

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“…8 However, these processes have important drawbacks because most homogeneous catalysts are difficult to handle, have high corrosion potential, and bring the need for additional downstream processing. 9,10 Heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, are easily handled and separated from the reaction products. 10 But still, heterogeneous catalysis is more susceptible to mass transfer limitations and catalyst deactivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modeling of scCO₂-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor

et al. 2021

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Ethyl levulinate has shown great potential as a green fuel additive for gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel. One alternative for its synthesis is the direct heterogeneously catalyzed esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. Most of the catalytic processes already reported for this system, however, rely on large residence times to deliver appreciable levulinic acid conversions. This work presents experimental and modeling results on the esterification kinetics of levulinic acid with ethanol assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and catalyzed by Amberlyst-15 in a fixed-volume batch reactor. We explore different molar ratios, catalyst amounts, temperatures, and scCO2 loads. The presented reaction scheme leads to near-equilibrium levulinic acid conversions after less than 60 min at most of the evaluated conditions. To represent the phase-behavior of CO2 + reactants and products, the Peng–Robinson equation of state with a quadratic mixing rule was used. We found that, at most of the experimental conditions, the reaction takes place in a two-phase system due to scCO2; thus, a v-T flash algorithm was coupled to the kinetic model. The proposed kinetic modeling is one of the first attempts to simulate scCO2-assisted reactions in heterogeneous catalytic systems in which the phase partition inside the reactor vessel is considered.

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A Mini-Review on Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification Reactions

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases

A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases

Autocatalyzed and heterogeneously catalyzed esterification kinetics of glycolic acid with ethanol

Kinetic Modeling of scCO₂-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor

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A Mini-Review on Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification Reactions

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases

A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases

Autocatalyzed and heterogeneously catalyzed esterification kinetics of glycolic acid with ethanol

Kinetic Modeling of scCO2-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor

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Kinetic Modeling of scCO₂-Assisted Levulinic Acid Esterification with Ethanol Using Amberlyst-15 as a Catalyst in a Batch Reactor