A miniaturized quad-band branch-line crossover for GSM/WiFi/5G/WLAN applications

Barik, Rusan Kumar; Cheng, Qingsha S.; Pradhan, Nrusingha Charan; Karthikeyan, S. S.

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153611

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the realm of microwave and millimeter wave frequen-cies, maintaining symmetry in the design of microstrip couplers plays a crucial role in ensuring equal power distribution while minimizing undesirable coupling effects [2]. However, traditional BLC with four ports, including an input port, an isolated port, and two coupled ports with a 90 • phase difference, no longer meet the requirements of modern device design trends, which emphasize the need for dual-band or multiple-band functionality [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Symmetrical Fractal-based Balanced Branch-Line Coupler for Simultaneous Low- and Mid-band 5G Frequencies Applications

Shallah,

Zubir,

Rahim

et al. 2024

ACES Journal

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Symmetry is a key factor for Branch-Line Couplers (BLCs) in RF and microwave systems. This balanced approach evenly distributes power between two output ports, aiding impedance matching and reducing unwanted coupling and crosstalk, while increasing input-output isolation. Furthermore, the symmetrical design of BLCs ensures favorable return loss and phase balance, which are essential for phase-sensitive detectors and beamforming. This symmetry also guarantees consistent performance over a wide frequency range, making it suitable for broadband or multi-frequency applications. We present a compact BLC operating in two frequency bands, ideal for 5G sub-6 GHz applications. It uses T-shaped lines with folded lines and stubs in a Minkowski fractal shape, resulting in a size reduction of 90%. The design and simulation were performed using the CST Microwave Studio at 0.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz, achieving a new high frequency band ratio of 5. A prototype on Rogers RT5880 substrate (εr=2.2,h=0.787 mm) was tested to validate the design’s effectiveness, offering potential for modern wireless applications requiring versatile frequency band operation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Symmetrical Fractal-based Balanced Branch-Line Coupler for Simultaneous Low- and Mid-band 5G Frequencies Applications

Shallah,

Zubir,

Rahim

et al. 2024

ACES Journal

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“…Along with the rapid and continuous advancement of technology, the development of microwave devices capable of operating at different resonant frequencies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] or multi-tasking using the same device [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] became a necessity. Crossover with dualband response was achieved by increasing the length of the vertical TLs of a branch-line crossover (BLCO) to double the length of the horizontal TLs [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Frequency-Reconfigurable Dual-Band RF Crossover Based on Coupled Lines and Open Stubs

Alazemi,

Almatar

2024

Electronics

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This paper presents a frequency-reconfigurable dual-band radio frequency (RF) crossover based on quarter-wavelength coupled lines (CLs) and open stubs. Initially, an even–odd-mode analysis was conducted for the design, and closed-form equations were found. Then an advanced design system (ADS) was utilized to support and further optimize the theoretical analysis. Afterwards, high-frequency simulation software (HFSS) was used to simulate the proposed design. The proposed device is printed on a 1.524 mm RO4003C printed-circuit board (εr=3.55). The frequency tunability is achieved by employing two varactor diodes connected to the open stubs. When the biasing voltage is altered, the capacitance of the SMV1405 varactor can change from 2.67 pF to 0.63 pF. Accordingly, the two operating frequencies can be continuously tuned from 2.06 GHz to 2.40 GHz and from 5.44 GHz to 5.84 GHz. For the low-frequency range, return loss and isolation are above 15 dB, and the insertion loss is less than 1.1 dB. As for the high-frequency range, the return loss is greater than 20 dB, the isolation is better than 15 dB, and the insertion loss is lower than 1.6 dB. The measurement results agreed well with the simulation results, and the crossover overall size is 45.5 mm × 29.4 mm. The proposed device can be utilized for various application areas, such as 5G smartphone applications and satellite communication.

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“…In [17], a new planar dual-frequency crossover was presented. In [18], a wideband crossover was presented based on the typical 2x2 distributed window-shaped structure, while a miniaturized quad-band BLC crossover was proposed in [19]. In [20], a transmission line model was proposed and used in the design of compact single and two-section BLCs at 0.85 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of miniaturized patch crossover based on superformula slot shapes

Banat

Dib²

2022

IJECE

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In this paper, miniaturized microstrip crossover circuits are proposed using slots shapes obtained using the superformula. The design starts by using a conventional half-wavelength square patch crossover. For miniaturization purposes, different superformula slot shapes are introduced on the square patch. The proposed crossovers are designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using a 0.8 mm thick FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4. The designs are simulated using the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). One of the miniaturized designs is fabricated and its scattering parameters are measured using a vector network analyzer. Simulated and measured results agree very well. At the design frequency, the measured input port matching is better than ˗19 dB, while 𝑆12, 𝑆13 and 𝑆14 have the values of ˗12 dB, ˗2.2 dB and ˗10 dB, respectively. Furthermore, a 71% size reduction is achieved as compared to the conventional crossover area.

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A miniaturized quad-band branch-line crossover for GSM/WiFi/5G/WLAN applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

A Symmetrical Fractal-based Balanced Branch-Line Coupler for Simultaneous Low- and Mid-band 5G Frequencies Applications

A Symmetrical Fractal-based Balanced Branch-Line Coupler for Simultaneous Low- and Mid-band 5G Frequencies Applications

A Frequency-Reconfigurable Dual-Band RF Crossover Based on Coupled Lines and Open Stubs

Design of miniaturized patch crossover based on superformula slot shapes

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