A minimally invasive partial condylectomy and temporal bone resection for the treatment of a suspected chronic synovial sepsis of the temporomandibular joint in a 3.5-year-old paint horse gelding

The Frequency of Communication Between the Synovial Compartments of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint: A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Assessment

“…Primary osteoarthritis of the TMJ is a significant cause of morbidity in a large portion of the human population (8), although it is also described secondary to sepsis (9). Conversely, osteoarthritis of the equine TMJ (TMJ-OA) is most commonly reported to be secondary to joint sepsis (4,(10)(11)(12)(13). Primary osteoarthritis with no inciting cause (trauma, sepsis, etc.)…”

Arthroscopic approach and intra‐articular anatomy of the equine discomandibular joint compartment of the temporomandibular joint

“…A difficulty is that reports in the published literature have described sepsis of the equine TMJ and its arthroscopic treatment with standard 4‐mm instrumentation without specifically stating whether one or both synovial structures were involved. 5 We theorize that these reports of successfully flushing a single TMJ compartment by using a 4‐mm arthroscope without specific mention of intra‐articular disc perforation (other than in one report) 6 refer solely to the DTJ.…”

“…The anatomy and arthroscopic approach to the DTJ has been well described by several authors 1‐4 . Others have subsequently reported using arthroscopic treatment to manage septic TMJs, specifically the DTJ synovial compartment 5 and both the DTJ and the DMJ 6 . The anatomy of the DMJ was not reported by May et al, 1 who stated that access was precluded by the position of the transverse facial artery and vein.…”

“…Entry into the rostral recess of the ventral compartment (DMJ) was reported by Boening, 4 but no details regarding the use of the technique were described. Inadvertent entry into the DMJ was recently described during the arthroscopic investigation and treatment of a septic TMJ that involved both the DMJ and the DTJ due to necrosis of the intra‐articular disc 6 . In that article, the authors report that maneuverability of the arthroscope was limited in the DMJ and that the chronic nature of the disease process in their case may have weakened the intrinsic and extrinsic joint structures such that entry into the DMJ was facilitated.…”

Unusual pathogen in an unusual joint: Implications on antimicrobial resistance

“…Among the reported diseases affecting TMJ, namely fractures, luxations or, lately, degenerative osteoarthritis (Hardy and Shiroma 1991;Devine et al 2005;Sanders et al 2014;Jorgensen et al 2015), septic arthritis is the most pathological situation recorded in equine TMJ literature, generally as a result of a traumatic injury with or without wound presentation (Warmerdam et al 1997;Carmalt and Wilson 2005;Devine et al 2005;Nagy and Simhofer 2006;Barnett et al 2014;Frietman et al 2018;Balducci et al 2021). Despite that, TMJ disorders are not frequently diagnosed in horses mainly due to the unspecific and subtle clinical signs generally exhibited that may be misleading (May et al 2001;Barnett et al 2014;Carmalt 2014;Sanders et al 2014;Pereira et al 2016).…”