“…The existing methods for forecasting in MEMs are mainly based on point forecasts (see Engle and Russell, 1997;Dufour and Engle, 2000;Bauwens and Giot, 2001;Hautsch, 2011;Luca et al, 2017) and evaluating one-step-ahead density forecasts (Bauwens et al, 2004;Corsi et al, 2008;Hautsch et al, 2014). Although such methods have been widely used in empirical studies (see Bauwens and Giot, 2000;Fernandes and Grammig, 2005;Engle and Gallo, 2006;Corsi et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2015 and references there in), the literature is scant on methods for interval forecasts or multistep-ahead density/distribution forecasts. However, in risk management, for example in managing financial investments, one needs to take into account of the forecast of not only the very next observation, but also of those observations that are several steps ahead.…”