A mitochondria-localized oxygen self-sufficient two-photon nano-photosensitizer for ferroptosis-boosted photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Wei, Fangmian; Karges, Johannes; Shen, Jinchao; Xie, Lina; Xiong, Kai; Zhang, Xiting; Ji, Liang‐Nian; Chao, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101509

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Considering that ferroptosis based on type I PDT is more favorable for the treatment of hypoxic tumors than type II PDT, Wei et al . [ 73 ] developed a mitochondria-targeting oxygen self-sufficient two-photon nano-photosensitizer, referred to as Ir-g-C 3 N 4 , which combined type I and type II two-photon PDT to boost ferroptosis. Notably, iridium complexes are ideal for subcellular mitochondrial targeting owing to their inherent lipophilicity and overall positive charge.…”

Section: Tailoring Nanomaterials To Regulate Ferroptosis In Cancer Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroptosis: challenges and opportunities for nanomaterials in cancer therapy

Liu

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2023

Regenerative Biomaterials

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Ferroptosis, a completely new form of regulated cell death, is mainly caused by an imbalance between oxidative damage and reductive protection and has shown great anti-cancer potential. However, existing small-molecule ferroptosis inducers have various limitations, such as poor water solubility, drug resistance, and low targeting ability, hindering their clinical applications. Nanotechnology provides new opportunities for ferroptosis-driven tumor therapy. Especially, stimuli-responsive nanomaterials stand out among others and have been widely researched because of their unique spatiotemporal control advantages. Therefore, it’s necessary to summarize the application of those stimuli-responsive nanomaterials in ferroptosis. Here, we describe the physiological feature of ferroptosis and illustrate current challenges to induce ferroptosis for cancer therapy. Then, nanomaterials that induce ferroptosis are classified and elaborated according to external and internal stimuli. Finally, the future perspectives in the field are proposed. We hope this review facilitate paving the way for the design of intelligent nano ferroptosis inducers.

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Section: Tailoring Nanomaterials To Regulate Ferroptosis In Cancer Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroptosis: challenges and opportunities for nanomaterials in cancer therapy

Liu

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2023

Regenerative Biomaterials

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“…In the latest study, Chao and co‐workers develop a PS nanoprobe for two‐photon excited ferroptosis‐assisted PDT. [ 28 ] In this case, the author utilized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet as a polymeric ligand with nitrogen‐rich coordination sites, which were further linked with an iridium(III) polypyridine complex to yield PS nanoprobe Ir‐g‐C 3 N 4 . This probe was demonstrated to self‐sufficiently produce various ROS through a light‐catalyzed reaction between excited PS and endogenous H 2 O 2 and H 2 O, showing its excellent antitumor performance under hypoxic conditions.…”

Section: Recent Design and Application Of Proinflammatory Rcd‐inducin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Organic Photosensitizer Designs for Evoking Proinflammatory Regulated Cell Death in Antitumor Immunotherapy

Sun

Wang

et al. 2023

Small Methods

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In the past decades, immunotherapy has achieved a series of clinical successes in the field of cancer. However, existing therapeutic options usually show a low immune response to solid tumors caused by immunosuppressive “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). Several types of proinflammatory regulated cell death (RCD), mainly including ferroptosis and pyroptosis, have been studied recently, which can provide proinflammatory signals and immunogenicity necessary for remodeling TME and activating an antitumor immune response. A variety of chemotherapeutic drugs are proven to be effective in the proinflammatory RCD induction of tumor cells, but several adverse effects and intrinsic drug resistance usually occur in the therapeutic process, greatly hindering their further clinical application. The emerging organic photosensitizer (PS)‐based materials open new possibilities to effectively activate proinflammatory RCD through precise spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species‐associated signaling pathways, which can overcome many challenges encountered in current proinflammatory RCD‐mediated immunotherapy. In this review, the recent design strategies of PS probes are detailly summarized and their potential advantages for tumor‐specific proinflammatory RCD induction are discussed. Moreover, the representative examples in cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and future perspectives in this emerging field are proposed.

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“…PDT is a promising approach for cancer therapy through generating ROS. − In addition to directly inducing cell death, the generated ROS during PDT can destroy ROS-responsive elements in gene carriers to achieve controlled gene delivery in targeted sites, thus regulating gene expression.…”

Section: Photodynamic Regulation Of Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Photoresponsive Nanotransducers for Precise Regulation of Gene Expression

et al. 2023

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Regulation of gene expression is conducive to understanding the physiological roles of specific genes and provides therapeutic potentials, which however still remains a great challenge. Nonviral carriers have some advantages for gene delivery compared to traditional physical delivery strategies, but they often fail to control the delivery of genes in targeting regions, and thus lead to off-target side effects. Although endogenous biochemical signal-responsive carriers have been used to improve the transfection efficiency, their selectivity and specificity are still poor because of the coexistence of biochemical signals in both normal tissues and disease sites. In contrast, light-responsive carriers can be adopted to precisely control gene transgenic behaviors at the specified locations and time, thus reducing the off-target gene editing at nontarget positions. Particularly, the near-infrared (NIR) light has better tissue penetration depth and lower phototoxicity than ultraviolet and visible light sources, showing great promise for intracellular gene expression regulation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of NIR photoresponsive nanotransducers for precision regulation of gene expression. These nanotransducers can achieve controlled gene expression via three different mechanisms (photothermal activation, photodynamic regulation, and NIR photoconversion) to allow various applications, such as gene therapy of cancer, which will be discussed in detail. A conclusion and discussion of the challenges and outlook will be given at the end of this review.

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A mitochondria-localized oxygen self-sufficient two-photon nano-photosensitizer for ferroptosis-boosted photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Cited by 50 publications

References 52 publications

Ferroptosis: challenges and opportunities for nanomaterials in cancer therapy

Ferroptosis: challenges and opportunities for nanomaterials in cancer therapy

Recent Organic Photosensitizer Designs for Evoking Proinflammatory Regulated Cell Death in Antitumor Immunotherapy

Near-Infrared Photoresponsive Nanotransducers for Precise Regulation of Gene Expression

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