A mixed-integer model for the implementation of postponement strategies in the globalized green supply chain network

Research on Compensation Mechanism for Two-Stage Delayed Delivery Problems Based on Whole Vehicle Logistics

“…The demand of each stage has no influence on each other and is independent of each other. k is the residual quantity of the first stage, which is only related to the demand of the first stage, so k and k are independent of each other.ξ is independent of each other, E[M(k)] can be expressed as E[M(k)]=p(k=1)M(1)+...+p(k=5)M (5). The combined analysis leads to the specific expression of E[M(k)] as…”

“…Combining model (3)(4)(5) with the data in the table above, the step-by-step calculation shows that the expectation of the first stage surplusE k = 1.55 and the savings in distribution costsE M k = 0.688c when Q=6,k=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.ξ Obeyπ distribution, theξ Obeyπ Compensation when distributionθ =0.668λ c/1.55=0.44λ c(λ Proportionality coefficient of compensation to the customer for the distribution costs saved by the logistics company).…”

“…Subsequently, Bucklin [2] explained the important role of delay strategy in inventory positioning in the market channel, and Shapiro [3] conducted a theoretical study on delay strategy positioning from the perspective of logistics, and established the relevance of supply chain and delay strategy. Until the 1990s, some high-tech enterprises and automobile manufacturing enterprises gradually pay attention to the theory of delay strategy and form a scale theoretical system.Budiman and Rau [4][5] proposed a two-stage stochastic model of supply chain network combined with delay strategy in order to solve the uncertain demand of the customers, and proposed a mixed-integer model of green supply chain network considering the delay strategy, and this model can reduce the cost under strict environmental policies.Phares and Jr [6] intervened in the supply chain uncertainty of a beer company and explored how the delay strategy can benefit the beer supply chain.Zheng, Shi and Wu [7] et al explored the supply chain of standard and customized products in a manufacturer and retailer system with two ordering opportunities under the delay strategy. Weskamp [8] et al proposed to hedge supply chain risk with delay strategy and constructed a two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming model to determine the decision considering lead time, penalty cost of shortages; Jabbarzadeh, Haughton, and Pourmehdi [9] proposed a two-objective robust optimization model to reduce the supply chain cost and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is used for integrated production and distribution planning in supply chains with delay strategies; Li, Wang and Cheng [10] developed an economic production quantity (EPQ)-based planned backordering model, which demonstrated that delay strategies can reduce the total average cost in some cases; Luo, Zhao and Song [11] pointed out the limitations and shortcomings of traditional delay strategies, and developed a model for service-oriented manufacturing environments.…”

“…In the actual distribution process there is a large amount of randomness, to apply stochastic planning methods to solve.Budiman and Rau [13] proposed a two-stage stochastic model of supply chain network combined with the delay strategy to solve the uncertain needs of customers . In addition, Budiman and Rau [14]also proposed a mixed integer model of green supply chain network considering the delay strategy, so as to reduce the cost under strict environmental policies. Phares and Jr [15] intervened in the uncertainty of the supply chain of beer enterprises and explored how the delay strategy could benefit the beer supply chain .…”

Ensuring sustainability in the reverse supply chain in case of the ripple effect: A two-stage stochastic optimization model

“…For each level, a proactive strategy is considered by focusing on the first three stages to provide an ability to RSC to resist the devastating impact of the ripple effect and rapid recovery after the disruption. On the other hand, from an environmental perspective, the global CO 2 emission is increased by 20% and 22% due to the main transportation activities in (R)SC ( Budiman and Rau, 2019 ). On top of that, the ripple effect also leads to a negative impact on environmental pollution, since it destructs a well-developed (R)SC network.…”