A mixed-methods study of driver education informed by the Goals for Driver Education: Do young drivers and educators agree on what was taught?

Abstract

Evaluation research suggests that professional driver education and training has little effect on reducing the crash involvements of young drivers. Driver education and training programs have been criticised as being unsystematically designed and lacking an empirical or theoretical basis. The Goals for Driver Education (GDE) is a theoretical framework developed to address these criticisms. The GDE defines four hierarchical levels of driving behaviours and influences on driving and three individualised Person-specific factors that should be considered in driver education and training programs. The aim of this study was to compare and contrast, in a methodologically rigorous manner, the perceptions that young drivers (n = 22; Mage = 17.80 years, SD = 6.54 months) and driver educators (n = 10; Mage = 54.5 years, SD = 9.21 years) have of a professional driver education and training course they participated in or facilitated. Eight semi-structured focus groups were conducted and the GDE was used to direct the collection and analysis of the data. Young drivers mainly discussed basic driving skills located on the lower levels of the GDE rather than higher level abstract factors that increase risk for young drivers. Driver educators tended to group particular GDE levels and Person-specific factors together when discussing the driving course and paid limited attention to Goals and contexts of driving. Results suggest that driver educators should provide direct instruction regarding the more abstract social and contextual factors that influence driving to potentially increase the efficacy of driver education and training as a safety countermeasure.

Exploring the Dimensions of Driving Instruction through Naturalistic Observation of Formal Practical Lessons with Learner Drivers

“…The sub-themes extracted— emotions, personal limits, inexperience , and confidence —are suggested to be more readily accessible for instruction regarding personal factors that influence driving. Additionally, young drivers are less inclined to discuss “personal factors” because of preconceived perceptions that driver training teaches VCM and MTS ( 59 , 60 ).…”

What, Who, and When? The Perceptions That Young Drivers and Parents Have of Driving Simulators for Use in Driver Education

“…The current research expands upon, but is separate from, previous studies investigating professional driver education and the GDE [13] and the views that professional driver educators and young people have of driving simulators [23]. The current study concentrates on the perceptions that young people and parents, rather than professional driver educators, have of driving simulators using a quantitative methodology rather than a qualitative methodology.…”

“…The Goals for Driver Education (GDE) [12] was developed to increase the efficacy of driver education as a young driver crash countermeasure. The GDE is a wide-ranging framework consisting of four hierarchical levels that organises the disparate influences on young driver education and considers the influence of three person-specific factors on each of these levels [13]. The levels in the GDE range in abstraction from driving-focused (e.g., vehicle manoeuvring skills such as braking) to macro-contextual (e.g., cultural values related to authority), and the person-specific factors span knowledge and skills, individualised risk-increasing factors, and self-evaluation and awareness skills [14].…”

Study on the development the market position company of fully electric vehicles

“…Actually, the enhance of the market position the e-motor vehicles in Jakarta, that it to develop the finding and evolved the management-science to constrain of the superiormarket positions and it conducted by the digitalize-marketing business planning and the international human resources as the expatriate person in complexity industry [90,91,92,93,94,95,96]. After this disruptive economics-business situation within the fully electric vehiclesmarketing firms' performance and enhance of the market position, the study has encompassed of the goal setting difficulty to pursue of the customers durables and the sale of electric vehicles [71,97].…”