A mixture of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and capsicum oleoresin improves energy utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed maize-based diet

Abstract

A total of 210, 1-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in an experiment to investigate the effects of a supplementary mixture containing 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde, and 2% capsicum on dietary energy utilization and growth performance. The 2 diets were offered ad libitum to the chickens from 0 to 21 d of age. These included a maize-based control diet and the control diet with 100 g/t of supplementary plant extracts. Dietary apparent ME, N retention (NR), and fat digestibility (FD) coefficients were determined in the follow-up metabolism study between 21 and 24 d of age. Feeding the mixture of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and capsicum increased weight gain by 14.5% (P = 0.009), improved feed efficiency by 9.8% (P = 0.055), and tended to increase (P = 0.062) carcass energy retention and reduce (P = 0.062) total heat loss compared with feeding the control diet. There was a 16.1% increase (P = 0.015) in carcass protein retention but no difference in carcass fat retention. Feeding plant extracts improved dietary FD by 2.1% (P = 0.013) but did not influence dietary NR. Supplementation of plant extract resulted in a 12.5% increase (P = 0.021) in dietary NE for production (NEp), while no changes in dietary ME were observed. The experiment showed that although dietary essential oils did not affect dietary ME, they caused an improvement in the utilization of energy for growth. Plant extracts may affect metabolic utilization of absorbed nutrients. Studies that have focused solely on the effect of plant extracts on ME alone may well have not detected their full nutritional value.

Effects of Olive Leaf and Marigold Extracts on the Utilization of Nutrients and on Bone Mineralization using Two Different Oil Sources in Broilers

“…For instance, the results obtained for grape and olive pomace, olive leaves, grape seeds, marigold, cinnamon, sage, green tea, tannin, thyme, and rosemary extracts, as well as different mixtures of polyphenol sources, can either increase (Eid et al, 2003;Tavarez et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2014;Bravo et al, 2014), decrease, or have no effect on productivity (Goni et al, 2007;Gurbuz et al, 2010;Brenes et al, 2010;Rezar and Salobir, 2014).…”

Effects of <i>in Ovo </i>Injection and Inclusion a Blend of Essential Oils and Organic Acids in High NSPs Diets of Broiler Breeders on Performance of Them and Their Offspring

“…These additives not only improve the performance and feed efficiency, but also influence the health status. By considering the probability of side effects of some of additives on disrupting gut microflora and also residue of them in poultry meat, using of them should be careful (Isabel and Santos, 2009;Bravo et al, 2014;Milbradt et al, 2014) Essential oils are volatile oils extracted mainly from plant products by steam water distillation or enzyme activity followed by steam water distillation. Essential oils comprise a multitude of components, such as terpenoids, alcohols, aldehydes, acyclic esters and etc.…”

“…Many of the components of essential oils have multifunctional properties. Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and menthol for example, are known to increase voluntary feed intake as well as stimulating nutrient digestion and exhibiting anti-bacterial properties (Lee et al, 2004;Kamatou et al, 2005;Oussalah et al, 2007;Santurio et al, 2007;Rusenova and Parvanov, 2009;Bravo et al, 2014). As many essential oils have anti-microbial properties, many researches have been conducted to use them as alternative for antibiotics (Schelz et al, 2006;Santurio et al, 2007;Karadas et al, 2013;Shapiro et al, 2013;Bravo et al, 2014).…”

“…Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and menthol for example, are known to increase voluntary feed intake as well as stimulating nutrient digestion and exhibiting anti-bacterial properties (Lee et al, 2004;Kamatou et al, 2005;Oussalah et al, 2007;Santurio et al, 2007;Rusenova and Parvanov, 2009;Bravo et al, 2014). As many essential oils have anti-microbial properties, many researches have been conducted to use them as alternative for antibiotics (Schelz et al, 2006;Santurio et al, 2007;Karadas et al, 2013;Shapiro et al, 2013;Bravo et al, 2014). The correct combination of essential oils can exhibit greater responses than when individual components are used alone, so in other word they express synergy (Deriu et al, 2008;Horosova et al, 2012;Shapiro et al, 2013;Bravo et al, 2014).…”

“…As many essential oils have anti-microbial properties, many researches have been conducted to use them as alternative for antibiotics (Schelz et al, 2006;Santurio et al, 2007;Karadas et al, 2013;Shapiro et al, 2013;Bravo et al, 2014). The correct combination of essential oils can exhibit greater responses than when individual components are used alone, so in other word they express synergy (Deriu et al, 2008;Horosova et al, 2012;Shapiro et al, 2013;Bravo et al, 2014).…”