A mixture of peptides and sugars derived from plant cell walls increases plant defense responses to stress and attenuates ageing-associated molecular changes in cultured skin cells

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Extract on Cell Death Responses in Peroxynitrite-Treated Keratinocytes

“…It has been established that ginsenosides bind to the glucocorticoid and/or androgen receptors and up-regulate the expression of steroid-responsive genes [29]. Other molecules, including green tea polyphenols, retinyl esters, and the flavonoids genistein and silymarin, as well as synthetic UV filters, have been shown to protect the skin from UVB-or reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage [13,30,31]. Recently, a mixture of peptides and sugars derived from plant cell walls was shown to limit age-associated molecular changes by up-regulating the expression of specific anti-aging genes in cultured skin cells [32].…”

Analytical Methods Applied to Assess the Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Color, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ginkgo biloba L

“…Fructose, glucose, sucrose and trehalose were identified and quantified in the samples, but with a slight different profile in relation to the one described for other samples of G. biloba, in which trehalose was not found (Pereira et al 2013). In fact, sugars concentration depends on the maturity stage of the sample leaves and other environmental factors that influence the use of these primary metabolites for energy production (Apone et al 2010). It was observed a decrease of glucose in both irradiated samples, while no significant differences were observed in regarding to fructose and trehalose levels, and sucrose (the most abundant sugar) decreased only with 10 kGy of gamma radiation dose (Figure 2A).…”

Arabinogalactan Proteins From Baobab and Acacia Seeds Influence Innate Immunity of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro

“…TAC and ORAC assays were performed following the method described by Apone et al (). TAC assay measures total anti‐oxidant capacity based on reduction of copper (II) to copper (I).…”

“…Through much of human history, plant extracts have been widely used for cutaneous treatments either in cosmetical or dermatological fields. For one decade, numerous studies have shown the stimulating effects of plant polysaccharides on human skin cell physiology (Deters et al, ,, , ; Zippel et al, ,; Apone et al, ; Abakus and Deters, ; Du et al, ). Particularly, plant derived arabinogalactans (AG), known to be highly bioactive molecules (Yamada and Kiyohara, ), appear very effective to modulate skin physiology.…”

“…AG‐II, either free or attached to AGP, are easily recognized in plant extracts for their ability to form a colored insoluble complex with the β‐D‐glucosyl Yariv reagent (β‐D‐Glc Y) (Nguema‐Ona et al, ; Kitazawa et al, ). Several studies have revealed that some Yariv‐colored polysaccharide‐containing cell‐wall extracts impact various physiological activities of skin cells including wound healing promotion (Zippel et al, ), anti‐oxidant and anti‐aging protective effects (Apone et al, ), and epidermal cell differentiation (Zippel et al, ).…”