A Mixture of Topical Forms of Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Vitamin C, and Niacinamide Attenuated Skin Pigmentation and Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2

Abstract

It is well-known that increased oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces melanogenesis and activates metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade collagen and elastin fibers, leading to decreased skin elasticity. Various antioxidant agents, such as vitamin C and niacinamide, have been evaluated for use as treatments for photoaging or skin pigmentation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a topical liquid formula of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), vitamin C, and niacinamide (PVN) delivered via a microneedling therapy system (MTS) to attenuate photoaging and pigmentation by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreasing MMP expression in a UV-B-radiated animal model. The effects of the PVN were compared with those of individual PDRN and hydroquinone (HQ) compounds. The expression of NRF2/HO-1 significantly increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated animal skin. The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and the superoxide dismutase activity increased. The expression of tumor protein p53 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase activity decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and this decrease was accompanied by decreased melanin content in the skin. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells and MMP2/3/9 decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated skin. However, the expression of collagen type I α1 chain and the amount of collagen fibers that were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. The contents of elastin fibers, fibrillin 1/2 and fibulin 5 increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. In conclusion, PVN delivered via MTS led to decreased melanogenesis and destruction of collagen and elastin fibers by MMPs, and, thus, PVN decreased skin pigmentation and increased skin elasticity.

Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6, 6-Bieckol Restored Primary Cilia Length, Which Was Decreased by High-Fat Diet in Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Decreased Adipogenesis

“…Subsequently, it was developed using a chemiluminescence detection solution (GE Healthcare, IL, USA) to visualize the proteins on the membrane. Western blot images obtained through visualization were analysed using the Image J software (NIH, DC, USA) [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Current practices and perceived effectiveness of polynucleotides for treatment of facial erythema by cosmetic physicians

“…6 This may lead to vascular instability and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). 25,26 Our findings demonstrated that most clinicians perceived PN use as effective in vascular stabilization and anti-inflammation.…”

“…The precise pathogenesis of erythema in inflammatory facial dermatosis is unknown, but one proposed etiology is that repeated episodes of microcapillary dilation result in loss of vascular tone and subsequent permanent microcapillary dilatation 6 . This may lead to vascular instability and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) 25,26 . Our findings demonstrated that most clinicians perceived PN use as effective in vascular stabilization and anti‐inflammation.…”

The Combination of Niacinamide, Vitamin C, and PDRN Mitigates Melanogenesis by Modulating Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase

“…Then, the NVP-mix solution was filtered through a 0.2 μm filter (S2GPU11RE, Merck, CA, USA) to remove bacteria. A total of 1 mM of NVP-mix liquid contains 0.55 mM of niacinamide, 0.25 mM of vitamin C, and 0.18 mM of PDRN [ 45 ].…”

“…PDRN causes the downregulation of tyrosinase, TYRP1, and MITF and shows an anti-melanogenesis effect [ 44 ]. Previously, our group reported that a mixture of nicotinamide, vitamin C, and PDRN decreased destruction of collagen and elastin fiber by decreasing metalloproteinases via modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 and heme oxygenase-1 which reduced expression of NADPH oxidase [ 45 ].…”