A mobile sex‐determining region, male‐specific haplotypes and rearing environment influence age at maturity in Chinook salmon

McKinney, Garrett J.; Nichols, Krista M.; Ford, Michael J.

doi:10.1111/mec.15712

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Second, the housefly offers a precedent for movement of a male-determining factor onto the X chromosome [ 42 , 43 ]. Mobile sex-determining regions are also known from other organisms, including Salmonid fish [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?

et al. 2021

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The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?

et al. 2021

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“…McKinney et al. (2021) also documented that age at maturity in Chinook Salmon is governed by sex‐specific genetic architecture. It could be that the phenotype is triggered by the interaction between environmental stimuli, which may vary by population, and the presence of a particular gene or genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precocious Maturation in Spring‐Run Chinook Salmon Is Affected by Incubation Temperature, Feeding Regime, and Parentage

et al. 2021

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Salmonid populations of the Central Valley of California have been in decline for decades, making hatchery practices that combine conservation strategies with targeted research essential to optimize recruitment to adulthood. Hatchery populations generally exhibit a higher incidence of precocious male maturation than natural populations. However, optimal hatchery management practices pertaining to incubation, feeding, and genetic predisposition have yet to be optimized to lower the incidence of precocity in hatchery-reared male spring-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. To further assess this, we conducted a 2 × 2 factorial experiment exploring the effect of embryo incubation temperature (cold or warm) and post-ponding ration (high or low) on incidence of age-1 precocious male maturation. Fertilized eggs from each parental cross were placed among each treatment group to control for genetic variation and track any genetic predisposition. Precocity rate at year 1 was affected by incubation temperature and feed rate. There were also significant differences in growth rate and body condition among the treatment groups during early development. Additionally, the precocious males were nonrandomly produced by the crosses, suggesting a significant parentage effect on precocity. Optimization of Chinook Salmon rearing techniques is critical-not only to lessen the incidence of precocity and identify the causal parameters, but also to maximize successful reintroduction.

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“…A different study of Rainbow Trout (the same species as Steelhead Trout) found some genomic regions associated with early maturation that affected both sexes and others that were sex‐specific (Haidle et al, 2008 ). Sex‐specific haplotypes associated with age at maturity have been identified for Chinook salmon (McKinney et al, 2021 ), which would avoid intralocus sexual and tactical conflicts in that species. In Coho salmon, Kodama et al found genomic regions associated with growth and age at maturity affected males and females differently, though statistical power was low due to few families and small sample sizes within families (Kodama et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential role for restricted intertactical heritability in preventing intralocus conflict

Gamble

Calsbeek

2021

Evolutionary Applications

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Intralocus sexual conflict, which arises when the same trait has different fitness optima in males and females, reduces population growth rates. Recently, evolutionary biologists have recognized that intralocus conflict can occur between morphs or reproductive tactics within a sex and that intralocus tactical conflict might constrain tactical dimorphism and population growth rates just as intralocus sexual conflict constrains sexual dimorphism and population growth rates. However, research has only recently focused on sexual and tactical intralocus conflict simultaneously, and there is no formal theory connecting the two. We present a graphical model of how tactical and sexual conflict over the same trait could constrain both sexual and tactical dimorphisms. We then use Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), an important species currently protected under the Endangered Species Act, to investigate the possibility of simultaneous sexual and tactical conflict. Larger Coho males gain access to females through fighting while smaller males are favored through sneaking tactics, and female reproductive success is positively correlated with length. We tested for antagonistic selection on length at maturity among sexes and tactics and then used parent–offspring regression to calculate sex‐ and tactic‐specific heritabilities to determine whether and where intralocus conflict exists. Selection on length varied in intensity and form among tactics and years. Length was heritable between dams and daughters (h2 ± 95% CI = 0.361 ± 0.252) and between fighter males and their fighter sons (0.867 ± 0.312), but no other heritabilities differed significantly from zero. The lack of intertactical heritabilities in this system, combined with similar selection on length among tactics, suggests the absence of intralocus conflict between sexes and among tactics, allowing for the evolution of sexual and tactical dimorphisms. Our results suggest that Coho salmon populations are unlikely to be constrained by intralocus conflict or artificial selection on male tactic.

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A mobile sex‐determining region, male‐specific haplotypes and rearing environment influence age at maturity in Chinook salmon

Cited by 20 publications

References 98 publications

How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?

How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?

Precocious Maturation in Spring‐Run Chinook Salmon Is Affected by Incubation Temperature, Feeding Regime, and Parentage

A potential role for restricted intertactical heritability in preventing intralocus conflict

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