A modality‐independent approach to spatial normalization of tomographic images of the human brain

Lancaster, Jack L.; Glass, Thomas G.; Lankipalli, Bhujanga R.; Downs, Hunter; Mayberg, Helen S.; Fox, Peter T.

doi:10.1002/hbm.460030305

Cited by 234 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…After global normalization [valuenormalized to whole brain mean activity and then scaled to an arbitrary mean of 1,000 (35-37)] of each individual PET scan image, interscan, intrasubject movement was assessed and corrected by using MCFLIRT (38). PET and magnetic resonance images were coregistered and spatially normalized to the Talairach and Tournoux atlas (39) by using an affine, nineparameter transformation (40,41). Images were spatially smoothed by using SPM2 (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique, common, and interacting cortical correlates of thirst and pain

Farrell

Egan

Zamarripa

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This study used positron-emission tomography to establish the patterns of brain activity involved in the isolated and concurrent experiences of thirst and pain. Ten subjects were scanned while experiencing pain evoked with noxious pressure, while experiencing thirst after the infusion of hypertonic saline, and while experiencing pain when thirsty. After the onset of thirst, noxious pressure evoked more intense sensations of pain. Noxious pressure did not change subjective ratings of thirst. Thirst caused activation in the anterior cingulate (Brodmann area 32) and the insula. Enhanced pain responses were associated with increased activity in cortical regions that are known to correlate with pain intensity, and also with unique activity in the pregenual anterior cingulate and ventral orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a role for limbic and prefrontal cortices in the modulation of pain during the experience of thirst.interoception ͉ neuroimaging S ensations determined by interoceptors guide behaviors that maintain homeostasis. Experiences such as thirst, hunger, pain, and temperature sensation reflect imbalances of the internal state and have important implications for survival (1, 2). Interoceptive sensations can occur in tandem and create conflicts that are not resolved by a single behavior. Prevailing circumstances determine which internal imbalance requires the most urgent attention. Interoception would be more consistent with survival if competing sensations were modified to reflect relative priorities. To investigate competing interoceptive sensations, we measured brain activity during painful pressure and thirst, both in isolation and occurring concurrently.Changes in sensations determined by interoceptors in response to changing environmental circumstances can be described as context-dependent responses (3). Both appetitive and aversive drives shape the state of an organism, and these drives must be reconciled to make the most adaptive behavioral choice. The juxtaposition of pain and thirst is particularly suited to the investigation of human brain activity associated with contextdependent changes in responses to competing drives. Both pain and thirst can be manipulated in a time frame compatible with imaging protocols, the former being particularly amenable to rapid onset and offset. There is evidence that the respective sensations are modified by contextual factors, although pain and thirst have yet to be examined contemporaneously. Finally, the concurrence of conditions likely to stimulate osmoreceptors and nociceptors would conceivably be associated with conflicting implications for behavioral responses. Drinking can be deferred without detrimental effect, but ultimately thirst must be sated to avoid desiccation. The acute onset of pain has more immediate implications for tissue integrity than the early experience of thirst. For example, during mild to moderate thirst, withdrawal from noxious stimuli would be more likely if thirst is decreased and͞or pain is increased. Furthermore, the opposit...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique, common, and interacting cortical correlates of thirst and pain

Farrell

Egan

Zamarripa

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This transformation of the functional data to atlas space, in this case, 711-2B (Buckner et al, 2004;Talairach and Tournoux, 1988;Ojemann, 1997) was computed for each individual via the MP-RAGE scan. Each run then was resampled in atlas space (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) on an isotropic grid (3 mm voxels) combining movement correction and atlas transformation in one interpolation (Lancaster et al, 1995;Snyder, 1996). This single interpolation procedure eliminates blurring that would be introduced by multiple interpolations.…”

Section: Data Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural MRI volume for the single-subject analysis was spatially normalized to the 711-2B volumetric MRI atlas (Lancaster et al, 1995;Snyder, 1996) and resampled to 1 mm 3 voxels. Segmentation of the cortical mid-thickness as well as surface reconstruction was done using Caret 5.3 software (Van Essen et al, 2001) (http://brainmap.wustl.edu/caret/).…”

Section: Surface-based Analysis-(e)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining functional areas in individual human brains using resting functional connectivity MRI

et al. 2008

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The cerebral cortex is anatomically organized at many physical scales starting at the level of single neurons and extending up to functional systems. Current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies often focus at the level of areas, networks, and systems. Except in restricted domains, (e.g. topographically-organized sensory regions), it is difficult to determine area boundaries in the human brain using fMRI. The ability to delineate functional areas non-invasively would enhance the quality of many experimental analyses allowing more accurate across-subject comparisons of independently identified functional areas. Correlations in spontaneous BOLD activity, often referred to as resting state functional connectivity (rs-fcMRI), are especially promising as a way to accurately localize differences in patterns of correlated activity across large expanses of cortex. In the current report, we applied a novel set of image analysis tools to explore the utility of rs-fcMRI for defining wide-ranging functional area boundaries. We find that rs-fcMRI patterns show sharp transitions in correlation patterns and that these putative areal boundaries can be reliably detected in individual subjects as well as in group data. Additionally, combining surface-based analysis techniques with image processing algorithms allows automated mapping of putative areal boundaries across large expanses of cortex without the need for prior information about a region's function or topography. Our approach reliably produces maps of bounded regions appropriate in size and number for putative functional areas. These findings will hopefully stimulate further methodological refinements and validations.CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Alexander

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“…PET and MR images were coregistered and spatially normalized to the Talairach and Tournoux atlas (32) by using an affine, nine-parameter transformation (33). Images were spatially smoothed and globally normalized by using SPM2 (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London).…”

Section: Subject Recruitment and Preliminary Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging on regional cerebral blood flow responses associated with osmotic thirst and its satiation by water drinking: A PET study

Farrell

Zamarripa

Shade

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Levels of thirst and ad libitum drinking decrease with advancing age, making older people vulnerable to dehydration. This study investigated age-related changes in brain responses to thirst and drinking in healthy men. Thirst was induced with hypertonic infusions (3.1 ml/kg 0.51M NaCl) in young (Y) and older (O) subjects. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET). Thirst activations were identified by correlating rCBF with thirst ratings. Average rCBF was measured from regions of interest (ROI) corresponding to activation clusters in each group. The effects of drinking were examined by correlating volume of water drunk with changes in ROI rCBF from maximum thirst to postdrinking. There were increases in blood osmolality (Y, 2.8 ؎ 1.8%; O, 2.2 ؎ 1.4%) and thirst ratings (Y, 3.1 ؎ 2.1; O, 3.7 ؎ 2.8) from baseline to the end of the hypertonic infusion. Older subjects drank less water (1.9 ؎ 1.6 ml/kg) than younger subjects (3.9 ؎ 1.9 ml/kg). Thirst-related activation was evident in S1/M1, prefrontal cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), premotor cortex, and superior temporal gyrus in both groups. Postdrinking changes of rCBF in the aMCC correlated with drinking volumes in both groups. There was a greater reduction in aMCC rCBF relative to water drunk in the older group. Aging is associated with changes in satiation that militate against adequate hydration in response to hyperosmolarity, although it is unclear whether these alterations are due to changes in primary afferent inflow or higher cortical functioning.cingulate cortex ͉ positron emission tomography U nder usual ambient conditions, volumes of water sufficient to maintain fluid balance are consumed in the routine of regular meals (1, 2). Heat or vigorous activity may cause dehydration, resulting in thirst and the desire to drink. Aging alters thirst and drinking responses, making older people vulnerable to body fluid imbalance (3). This study compared the pattern of brain responses in younger and older men during the development and the satiation of thirst. The aim of the study was to assess the role of cortical and subcortical processes in agerelated changes of thirst and drinking.There are two major physiological changes that cause the onset of thirst; increased blood/CSF osmolality and decreased volume of extracellular fluid. Studies differ on the effects of aging on the relations among blood tonicity, blood volume, and thirst. Increase of blood osmolality through the systemic infusion of hypertonic solutions has been reported to demonstrate either no age-related change in thirst ratings (4, 5) or decreased thirst responses in older men (6). Head-out water immersion drives water into the intrathoracic cavity, leads to increased blood volume and cardiac filling pressure in both young and older subjects, and has been used to assess the effects of blood volume changes on thirst ratings. Head-out immersion leads to a decrease in thirst in young subjects, but does not change thirst ratings in older subjects...

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A modality‐independent approach to spatial normalization of tomographic images of the human brain

Cited by 234 publications

References 25 publications

Unique, common, and interacting cortical correlates of thirst and pain

Unique, common, and interacting cortical correlates of thirst and pain

Defining functional areas in individual human brains using resting functional connectivity MRI

Effect of aging on regional cerebral blood flow responses associated with osmotic thirst and its satiation by water drinking: A PET study

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