A model‐based comparison of modern velocity analysis methods

Lines, Larry; Rahimian, Firoozeh; Kelly, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1190/1.1436964

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Migration moveout features such as "smiles" and "frowns" have previously been reported (ref. Yilmaz, 1987;Lines et al, 1993). We have shown both mathematically and geometrically these "smiles" and "frowns" on migration sections and CIGs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many recent studies demonstrate that prestack depth migration can accurately image reflections and diffractions without dip restriction if a reasonable approximation of the velocity field is available (Versteeg, 1991;Lines et al, 1993). Nevertheless, the velocity model is the key component in these migrations.…”

Section: Prestack Depth Migration Moveoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the velocity model is the key component in these migrations. Theoretically, there exist several alternative methods for velocity analysis (Versteeg, 1993;Lines et al, 1993). Here we will analyze the prestack migration moveout features which are fundamental to the basic theories in interval velocity analysis utilizing CIGs (Al-Yahya, 1989).…”

Section: Prestack Depth Migration Moveoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis

1998

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Reliable seismic depth migrations require an accurate input velocity model. Inaccurate velocity estimates will distort point diffractors into smiles or frowns on a depth section. For both poststack and prestack migrated sections, high velocities cause deep smiles while low velocities cause shallow frowns on migrated gathers. However, for prestack images in the offset domain, high velocities cause deep frowns while low velocities cause shallow smiles. If the velocity is correct, there will be no variation in the depth migration as a function of offset and no smiles or frowns in the offset domain. We explain migration responses both mathematically and graphically and thereby provide the basis for depth migration velocity analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prestack Depth Migration Moveoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prestack Depth Migration Moveoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis

1998

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“…The imaging quality of crustal structures using reflection survey data depends on the reliability of applied velocity structures (e.g. Lines et al . 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault configuration produced by initial arc rifting in the Parece Vela Basin as deduced from seismic reflection data

et al. 2007

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The Parece Vela Basin (PVB), which is a currently inactive back-arc basin of the Philippine Sea Plate, was formed by separation between the Izu-Ogasawara Arc (IOA) and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). Elucidating the marks of the past back-arc opening and rifting is important for investigation of its crustal structure. To image its fault configurations and crustal deformation, pre-stack depth migration to multichannel seismic reflection was applied and data obtained by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology and Metal Mining Agency of Japan and Japan National Oil Corporation (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation). Salient results for the pre-stack depth-migrated sections are: (i) deep reflectors exist around the eastern margin of KPR and at the western margin of IOA down to 8 km depth; and (ii) normal fault zones distributed at the eastern margin of the KPR (Fault zone A) and the western margin of the IOA (Fault zone B) have a total displacement of greater than 500 m associated with synrift sediments. Additional normal faults (Fault zone C) exist 20 km east of the Fault zone B. They are covered with sediment, which indicates deposition of recent volcanic products in the IOA. According to those results: (i) the fault displacement of more than 500 m with respect to initial rifting was approximately asymmetric at 25 Ma based on PSDM profiles; and (ii) the faults had reactivated after 23 Ma, based on the age of deformed sediments obtained from past ocean drillings. The age of the base sediments corresponds to those of spreading and rotation after rifting in the PVB. Fault zone C is covered with thick and not deformed volcanogenic sediments from the IOA, which suggests that the fault is inactive.

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“…The PSDM method, which is a powerful tool for imaging complicated structures, improved the precision of the reflector identification data. The imaging quality of crustal structures using reflection survey data depends on the reliability of applied velocity structures (Lines et al 1993). For conventional reflection survey data processing, velocity information is observed using NMO correction and CDP stacking; it cannot address lateral variations of the structure because the algorithm defines the subsurface structure as a flat multilayered structure (e.g., Al-Yahya 1989;Stork and Clayton 1992).…”

Section: Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characteristics of the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera as revealed by a high-resolution seismic reflection survey

et al. 2015

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The Bayonnaise Knoll caldera is a conical silicic caldera located on the eastern part of the back-arc rift zone of the Izu-Ogasawara arc. Many geological and geophysical surveys have shown that the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera contains hydrothermal sulfide deposits. The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology conducted high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection surveys across the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera to ascertain details of the crustal structure, such as the configuration of faults around the caldera. A reflection profile of excellent quality was obtained by high-density velocity analysis at about 150-m intervals. We applied prestack depth migration by using the results of the high-density velocity analysis and further analyzed this region. The depth-migrated profile shows many faults, which correspond to bathymetric lineations, on the eastern side of the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera. The velocity structure of the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera resembles that of the Myojin Knoll caldera, which has been well surveyed and is associated with the hydrothermal deposit. The depth-migrated profile shows a clear reflective zone that is distributed asymmetrically to the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera center. These data suggest that caldera formation was controlled by back-arc rifting activity in the Izu-Ogasawara arc. The hydrothermal fluid migration path in the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera is estimated to be the result of faulting and magmatic intrusion on the eastern side of the structure. It is assumed that these fluids formed the Kuroko-type sulfide deposit in the eastern part of the caldera structure.

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A model‐based comparison of modern velocity analysis methods

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis

Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis

Fault configuration produced by initial arc rifting in the Parece Vela Basin as deduced from seismic reflection data

Structural characteristics of the Bayonnaise Knoll caldera as revealed by a high-resolution seismic reflection survey

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