A model for active elements in cochlear biomechanics

Neely, Stephen T.; Kim, Duck O.

doi:10.1121/1.393674

Cited by 340 publications

(256 citation statements)

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“…the high-frequency side, of a particular excitation pattern (e.g. Neely and Kim, 1986;Kolston, 2000). Further, Keefe (2003, 2005) have reported a spectral asymmetry within the TEOAE evoked by a simple-tone burst, which they attribute to "within-band" suppression of the low-frequency component of such a TEOAE by the (slightly) higher frequency components, again directly relating this to 2TS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Killan

Kapadia

2006

Hearing Research

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There is conflict in the literature over whether individual frequency components of a transient-evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) are generated within relatively independent "channels" along the basilar membrane (BM), or whether each component may be generated by widespread areas of the BM. Two previous studies on TEOAE suppression are consistent with generation within largely independent channels, but with a degree of interaction between nearby channels. However, both these studies reported significant suppression only at high stimulus levels, at which the "nonlinear" presentation paradigm was used. The present study clarifies the separate influences of stimulus level and presentation paradigm on this type of suppression. TEOAEs were recorded using stimulus tonebursts at 1, 2 and 3 kHz and a complex stimulus consisting of a digital addition of the three tonebursts, over a range of stimulus levels and both "linear" and "nonlinear" presentation paradigms. Responses to the individual tonebursts were combined offline and compared with responses to the complex stimuli. Results clearly demonstrate that TEOAE suppression under these conditions is dependent upon stimulus level, and not upon presentation paradigm. It is further argued that the data support the "local" rather than "widespread" model of TEOAE generation, subject to nonlinear interactions between nearby generation channels.Killan EC Simultaneous Suppression of TBOAEs 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Killan

Kapadia

2006

Hearing Research

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“…While the inner hair cells are considered primarily to be engaged in mechano-transduction, it has been postulated that the outer hair cells modify the micromechanits of the cochlea (Neely and Kim, 1986). In this context, the study of single outer hair cells in vitro has received renewed attention following the observation that isolated outer hair cells have motile properties (Brownell, 1984;Brownell et al, 1985;Zenner et al, 1985b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of isolated outer hair cells from five mammalian species

Zajic

Schacht

1987

Hearing Research

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Live outer hair cells were isolated from guinea pig, chinchilla, rat, mouse, and gerbil. The organ of Corti from selected turns of the cochlea was briefly incubated with collagenase and outer hair cells were separated from the tissue by micromanipulation under microscopic observation.Morphological criteria for cell viability were: (1) cylindrical cell shape without swelling or distortion of the membrane;(2) location of the nucleus in its normal position near the base of the cell; (3) cytoplasm devoid of Brownian motion and granulation.Both yield and quality (as judged by these morphological criteria) of isolated hair cells varied with the species and the turn from which the isolation was attempted. Consistently high yields and cells of good morphology were obtained from guinea pigs and chinchillas.Fewer cells were obtained from rats and mice, and their quality was less consistent. Gerbils gave the poorest yield and quality of outer hair cells. In all species, the preparation was more successful from the apical than from the basal turn. The length of apical hair cells varied almost 4-fold from 60 to 80 pm in guinea pig and chinchilla to 20 to 40 pm in the other species, while their diameter only varied 1.5-fold from 7 (mouse) to 10 pm (chinchilla). Outer hair cells could be maintained in vitro in good condition for several hours. Typical early signs of degeneration were increased Brownian motion and granulation in the cytoplasm, upward movement of the nucleus, or distortion of cell shape. Degeneration was always accompanied by a shortening along the long axis.

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“…The BM is spatially discretized into N segments. The present transmission line model expands the active linear model [21] to a nonlinear model. To produce the sharp tuning observed in a cat's auditory nerve, the micromechanical model shown in the middle section of Fig.…”

Section: Transmission Line Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 2 was amplified by applying a voltage V a n ðtÞ representing the pressure generated by the OHCs [21].…”

Section: Transmission Line Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Input level dependence of distortion products generated by saturating feedback in a cochlear model

Murakami

Ishimitsu

2016

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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In this paper, we demonstrate how feedback from a saturation function can explain the generation mechanisms of cochlear distortion products (DPs) using a transmission line model of the cochlea, two simple nonlinear phenomenological models, and a power-law nonlinear model. The first model includes feedback via a saturating element that models outer hair cell motility toggled by mechanoelectric transduction. The second models focus on the saturation process in the cochlea, and result in either feed-forward or feedback. The third model can fit compressive growth in the cochlear input-output function. The models show compressive growth in input-output properties for a single tone and generate DPs at moderate input levels for two tones. The results of the transmission line model show a good fit to the experimental results. DP levels are concentrated when the levels of the two tones are equal in the simple feed-forward model and are widely distributed in the simple feedback model. The simple feedback model shows similar results to the transmission line model, with the exception of the dependence on the frequency rate. The results of the power-law nonlinear model with an appropriate power are comparable to the results of the simple feedback model. These results suggest that the saturating feedback process generates appropriate power-law nonlinearity and can account for the input level dependence of DP generation in the cochlea.

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A model for active elements in cochlear biomechanics

Cited by 340 publications

References 13 publications

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions – Effect of level and presentation paradigm

Comparison of isolated outer hair cells from five mammalian species

Input level dependence of distortion products generated by saturating feedback in a cochlear model

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