A Model for Breast Cancer Risk Based on Stem-Cell Theory

Narod, Steven A.

doi:10.3747/co.19.1003

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Other research groups have found increased osteogenic differentiation among male ASCs [29, 30], and it is most likely that this in fact represents an increased prevalence of hPSCs. Third, some investigators have noted a reduction in stem cell numbers with the onset of menopause [31]; however, our analysis of pre‐ and postmenopausal liposuction samples did not find any significant association. However, our calculations were based on a mean age of menopause (age 51) rather than a clinical history.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

An Abundant Perivascular Source of Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering

James

Zara

Corselli

et al. 2012

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

120

152

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Adipose tissue is an ideal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) source, as it is dispensable and accessible with minimal morbidity. However, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue is a heterogeneous cell population, which has disadvantages for tissue regeneration. In the present study, we prospectively purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) from n ‫؍‬ 60 samples of human lipoaspirate and documented their frequency, viability, and variation with patient demographics. PSCs are a fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted population composed of pericytes (CD45−, CD146؉, CD34−) and adventitial cells (CD45−, CD146−, CD34؉), each of which we have previously reported to have properties of MSCs. Here, we found that PSCs make up, on average, 43.2% of SVF from human lipoaspirate (19.5% pericytes and 23.8% adventitial cells). These numbers were minimally changed by age, gender, or body mass index of the patient or by length of refrigerated storage time between liposuction and processing. In a previous publication, we observed that human PSCs (hPSCs) formed significantly more bone in vivo in comparison with unsorted human SVF (hSVF) in an intramuscular implantation model. We now extend this finding to a bone injury model, observing that purified hPSCs led to significantly greater healing of mouse critical-size calvarial defects than hSVF (60.9% healing as opposed to 15.4% healing at 2 weeks postoperative by microcomputed tomography analysis). These studies suggest that adipose-derived hPSCs are a new cell source for future efforts in skeletal regenerative medicine. Moreover, hPSCs are a stem cell-based therapeutic that is readily approvable by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with potentially increased safety, purity, identity, potency, and efficacy. STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2012;1:673-684

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

An Abundant Perivascular Source of Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering

James

Zara

Corselli

et al. 2012

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

120

152

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“…Twelve studies reported on costs associated with implementation [ 45 , 48 , 56 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 65 – 67 , 72 , 74 , 75 ], representing 11 unique programs. Two studies estimated the intervention implementation costs in the set-up year (e.g., purchase of computers and equipment, cleaning, personnel), stating that it cost $US44,821 and $US46,213, respectively [ 45 , 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study reported the implementation cost to be approximately $350 per participant [ 74 ]. Four studies reported that philanthropic donations were used to support the ongoing organisational costs associated with the exercise intervention [ 61 , 63 , 65 , 75 ]. Hybrid models of funding subsided the costs associated with intervention use, including a mix of fee-for-service (upfront, set cost per session) and subsidised costs (total session costs off-set through donations, sponsorship) [ 48 , 56 , 60 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 72 , 75 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise interventions for people diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review of implementation outcomes

et al. 2021

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Purpose Exercise is efficacious for people living after a cancer diagnosis. However, implementation of exercise interventions in real-world settings is challenging. Implementation outcomes are defined as ‘the effects of deliberate and purposive actions to implement new treatments, practices, and services’. Measuring implementation outcomes is a practical way of evaluating implementation success. This systematic review explores the implementation outcomes of exercise interventions evaluated under real-world conditions for cancer care. Methods Using PRISMA guidelines, an electronic database search of Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, SportsDiscus, Scopus and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and February 2020. The Moving through Cancer registry was hand searched. The Implementation Outcomes Framework guided data extraction. Inclusion criteria were adult populations with a cancer diagnosis. Efficacy studies were excluded. Results Thirty-seven articles that described 31 unique programs met the inclusion criteria. Implementation outcomes commonly evaluated were feasibility (unique programs n = 17, 54.8%) and adoption (unique programs n = 14, 45.2%). Interventions were typically delivered in the community (unique programs n = 17, 58.6%), in groups (unique programs n = 14, 48.3%) and supervised by a qualified health professional (unique programs n = 14, 48.3%). Implementation outcomes infrequently evaluated were penetration (unique programs n = 1, 3.2%) and sustainability (unique programs n = 1, 3.2%). Conclusions Exercise studies need to measure and evaluate implementation outcomes under real-world conditions. Robust measurement and reporting of implementation outcomes can help to identify what strategies are essential for successful implementation of exercise interventions. Implications for cancer survivors Understanding how exercise interventions can be successful implemented is important so that people living after a cancer diagnosis can derive the benefits of exercise.

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“…In the recent past, I have argued in favour of a hypothesis that the relative size of breast stem cell populations may predict cancer risk 9 . If that argument were to be extended to include two different predominant normal stem-cell populations, one of which confers risk for er-positive breast cancers and one of which confers risk for er-negative breast cancers, it might help to explain the similarity between the breasts.…”

Section: A Countercurrents Series a With Sa Narod MDmentioning

confidence: 99%