A model for continuous sample feed and separation with counter‐current chromatography based on elution‐extrusion mode and its application

Abstract

A novel and meaningful theoretical model was established with counter-current chromatography based on the elution-extrusion mode for efficient continuous separation. For the experimental verification of the theory, the separation of the binary mixture luteolin/baicalein was studied. The velocity model and volume model of the chromatographic separation behavior of the target compounds in the separation process were given by theoretical analysis. The results showed that this method had obvious advantages in the separation of binary mixtures. In addition, the established model was used to predict and isolate oleuropein from olive leaves. A two-phase solvent system of n-butanol/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:19:1:19, v/v/v/v) was chosen for the continuous separation of oleuropein. After optimizing the conditions in this way, a large amount of sample loading was achieved; the volume of injections can reach 48 ml, approximately 35.29% of the volume of the counter-current chromatography column, and oleuropein with a purity of 86.42% was obtained within 80 min. The model provided technical support for the prediction of chromatographic behavior and operating parameters during continuous separation and preparation of counter-current chromatography. It has great application prospects and significance in separation preparation, especially in large-scale industrial preparation.

Continuous chiral separation process for high‐speed countercurrent chromatography established and scaled up: A case of Voriconazole enantioseparation

“…Consequently, this approach holds the potential to substantially reduce time requirements and diminish solvent consumption. In this method, the continuous injection time (T inj ) emerges as a crucial parameter as it dictates the maximum loading capacity during the countercurrent chromatographic separation [23].…”

“…This study introduces a continuous separation method based on the elution-extrusion mode, aimed at enhancing the separation efficiency of HSCCC [23]. The established continuous HSCCC method offers the greatest advantage of allowing for the continuous pumping of the sample solution into the separation process, eliminating the need for re-establishing dynamic equilibrium and multiple injections.…”

Separation and purification of benzylester glucosides and derivatives from tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. by linear gradient counter‐current chromatography combined with elution‐extrusion mode

“…In consideration of reduced separation time and solvent consumption, EECCC mode was introduced to use sweeping elution and extrusion for the full use of the liquid nature of the stationary phase [26]. EECCC mode could cover an extended polarity range of solutes and could save time for the big K D value compound separation [27]. So, compound 3 was separated in EECCC mode, while compounds 1 , 2 , 3 , and 6 were further separated by prep‐HPLC.…”

Preparative Fractionation of Phenolic Compounds and Isolation of an Enriched Flavonol Fraction from Winemaking Industry By-Products by High-Performance Counter-Current Chromatography

“…In terms of the feasibility of the use of HPCCC as an industrial method to obtain these metabolites, evaluation of processes that allows continuous injection of higher volumes of extracts to increase the yield without increasing the solvent consumption and separation time should be investigated for winemaking by-product extracts. This approach has been previously applied to isolate high-purity oleuropein from olive leaf extract [ 41 ]. The protocol presented by the authors showed advantages for separating binary mixtures of compounds, such as the large-scale purification of a high-content target compound in the extracts.…”