A model for deformation and fragmentation in crushable brittle solids

Clayton, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.02.002

Cited by 53 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For example, adiabatic shear banding, plugging, and/or petal formation in metallic targets (often thin) reported for other armor systems [14,[31][32][33][34][35] are not of primary interest in the present case. Plasticity, fracture, and solid-solid phase transitions are appropriately addressed here for aluminum nitride, but mechanisms prevalent in other brittle targets not relevant here include pore collapse, for example, in concrete targets [34,36] or impacted rocks and minerals [37,38] and stress-induced amorphization, as observed in boron carbide [38,39] and quartz [40]. For these different classes of targets not considered herein or in [1], appropriate constitutive models should always be chosen or constructed to represent dominant failure mechanisms observed in corresponding experiments.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Ballistic Penetration of Ceramic-Polymer-Metal Layered Systems

Clayton

2015

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Numerical simulations and analysis of ballistic impact and penetration by tungsten alloy rods into composite targets consisting of layers of aluminum nitride ceramic tile(s), polymer laminae, and aluminum backing are conducted over a range of impact velocities on the order of 1.0 to 1.2 km/s. Computational results for ballistic efficiency are compared with experimental data from the literature. Simulations and experiments both demonstrate a trend of decreasing ballistic efficiency with increasing impact velocity. Predicted absolute residual penetration depths often exceed corresponding experimental values. The closest agreement between model and experiment is obtained when polymer interfaces are not explicitly represented in the numerical calculations, suggesting that the current model representation of such interfaces may be overly compliant. The present results emphasize the importance of proper resolution of geometry and constitutive properties of thin layers and interfaces between structural constituents for accurate numerical evaluation of performance of modern composite protection systems.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Ballistic Penetration of Ceramic-Polymer-Metal Layered Systems

Clayton

2015

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Because in applications of present interest, slip takes place before large deviatoric elastic strains can arise, third-order elastic constants in (5) are represented by the simple form [5,7] …”

Section: Model For Anisotropic Crystal Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling effects of crystalline microstructure, energy storage mechanisms, and residual volume changes on penetration resistance of precipitate-hardened aluminum alloys

Clayton¹

2009

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…Notice from (46) and the preceding discussion that bulk modulus K and the higher-order elastic coefficient K 1 remain constant under compressive hydrostatic loading. If the bulk modulus exhibits an increase as the initial porosity is compressed out of the material (i.e., as open tensile cracks become fully closed above some threshold pressure (Brace et al 1966)), a more detailed equation of state coupling porosity and effective bulk modulus may be necessary, as is the case for concrete with substantial initial porosity (Clayton 2008). In the present application, any initial mode I cracks are approximated either as stationary or fully closed; that is, all effects of initial porosity are included implicitly in the choice of K and K 1 .…”

Section: Thermoelasticity With Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models based on continuum damage mechanics concepts and employing scalar variables accounting for evolving crack densities include, for example, those of Holcomb (1978), Moss and Gupta (1982), Margolin (1984), Rajendran (1994), Ai and Ahrens (2006), Clayton (2008) and Paliwal and Ramesh (2008). Models accounting for potentially large deformations resulting from micro-crack opening on discrete failure planes include representative theories of Zienkiewicz and Pande (1977), Espinosa et al (1998) and Bazant et al (2000a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micromorphic continuum theories for heterogeneous particulate materials featuring pressure sensitive yield have been developed (Regueiro 2009). Efforts at modeling fragment size distributions of brittle materials have been undertaken using statistical thermodynamic arguments (Englman et al 1987;Grady and Winfree 2001;Clayton 2008) as well as direct numerical simulations (Miller et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformation, fracture, and fragmentation in brittle geologic solids

Clayton

2009

Int J Fract

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A model is developed for mechanical behavior and failure of brittle solids of geologic origin. Mechanisms considered include elastic stretch and rotation, thermal expansion, and deformation associated with micro-cracks. Decohesion on preferred cleavage planes in the solid, and subsequent effects of crack opening and sliding, are modeled. Explicit volume averaging over an element of material containing displacement discontinuities, in conjunction with the generalized divergence theorem, leads to an additive decomposition of the deformation gradient into contributions from thermoelasticity in the intact material and displacement jumps across micro-cracks. This additive decomposition is converted into a multiplicative decomposition, and the inelastic velocity gradient is then derived in terms of rates of crack extension, opening, and sliding on discrete planes in the microstructure. Elastic nonlinearity at high pressures, elastic moduli degradation from micro-cracking, dilatancy, pressureand strain rate-sensitive yield, and energy dissipation from crack growth and sliding are formally addressed. Densities of micro-cracks are treated as internal state variables affecting the free energy of the solid. The mean fragment size of particles of failed material arises from geometric arguments in terms of the evolving average crack radius and crack density, with smaller fragments favored at higher loading rates. The model is applied to study granite, a hard polycrystalline rock, under various loading regimes. Dynamic stress-strain behavior and mean fragment sizes of failed material are realistically modeled. Possible inelastic anisotropy can be described naturally via prescription of cleavage planes of varying strengths.

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A model for deformation and fragmentation in crushable brittle solids

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

Modeling and Simulation of Ballistic Penetration of Ceramic-Polymer-Metal Layered Systems

Modeling and Simulation of Ballistic Penetration of Ceramic-Polymer-Metal Layered Systems

Modeling effects of crystalline microstructure, energy storage mechanisms, and residual volume changes on penetration resistance of precipitate-hardened aluminum alloys

Deformation, fracture, and fragmentation in brittle geologic solids

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