A Model for Natural Selection of Genetic Migration

Bull, James J.; Thompson, Cole J.; Ng, David; Moore, Roger E.

doi:10.1086/284626

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Rates of movement to other breeding colony sites showed variation between years and among colonies, a result expected under the hypothesis of variation in fitness associated with time and the different colony sites (Bull et al 1987, Pulliam 1988, McPeek and Holt 1992. A focus of future work on this metapopulation will be the estimation of time-specific fitness components associated with reproductive rate in order to develop and test more specific hypotheses about the magnitudes of colony-specific movement rates.…”

Section: Rates 'Of Movementmentioning

confidence: 86%

Estimating Annual Survival and Movement Rates of Adults within a Metapopulation of Roseate Terns

Spendelow¹,

Nichols²,

Nisbet³

et al. 1995

Ecology

191

200

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology.Abstract. Several multistratum capture-recapture models were used to test various hypotheses about possible geographic and temporal variation in survival, movement, and recapture/resighting probabilities of 2399 adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) colorbanded from 1988 to 1992 at the sites of the four largest breeding colonies of this species in the northeastern USA. Linear-logistic ultrastructural models also were developed to investigate possible correlates of geographic variation in movement probabilities. Based on goodness-of-fit tests and comparisons of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) values, the fully parameterized model (Model A) with time-and location-specific survival, movement, and capture probabilities, was selected as the most appropriate model for this metapopulation structure. With almost all movement accounted for, on average >90% of the surviving adults from each colony site returned to the same site the following year. Variations in movement probabilities were more closely associated with the identity of the destination colony site than with either the identity of the colony site of origin or the distance between colony sites. The average annual survival estimates (0.74-0.84) of terns from all four sites indicate a high rate of annual mortality relative to that of other species of marine birds.

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Section: Rates 'Of Movementmentioning

confidence: 86%

Estimating Annual Survival and Movement Rates of Adults within a Metapopulation of Roseate Terns

Spendelow¹,

Nichols²,

Nisbet³

et al. 1995

Ecology

191

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, faster dispersers might experience higher mortality, or feed less, or grow more slowly, or reproduce less often. Such correlations at an invasion front [but not necessarily in a metapopulation system (23)] would be inconsistent with conventional natural selection as an explanation for accelerating expansion rate, leaving spatial sorting as the only likely cause for accelerating rates of invasion.…”

Section: Evidence For Spatial Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, however, all these analyses have dealt with an amalgam of spatial sorting and classical natural selection; for example, individuals at the invasion vanguard may have higher LRS because of reduced competition from conspecifics (6,21) or because local populations have high rates of extinction and all surviving populations are founded by former migrants (22,23), or because dispersal reduces competition among kin (24). Clearly, classical natural selection often favors dispersal-enhancing phenotypes in nonequilibrial systems.…”

Section: Spatial Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary process that assembles phenotypes through space rather than through time

Shine

Brown

Phillips

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

495

617

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In classical evolutionary theory, traits evolve because they facilitate organismal survival and/or reproduction. We discuss a different type of evolutionary mechanism that relies upon differential dispersal. Traits that enhance rates of dispersal inevitably accumulate at expanding range edges, and assortative mating between fast-dispersing individuals at the invasion front results in an evolutionary increase in dispersal rates in successive generations. This cumulative process (which we dub "spatial sorting") generates novel phenotypes that are adept at rapid dispersal, irrespective of how the underlying genes affect an organism's survival or its reproductive success. Although the concept is not original with us, its revolutionary implications for evolutionary theory have been overlooked. A range of biological phenomena (e.g., acceleration of invasion fronts, insular flightlessness, preadaptation) may have evolved via spatial sorting as well as (or rather than) by natural selection, and this evolutionary mechanism warrants further study.colonization | evolution | spatial disequilibrium | nonadaptive evolution I n 1859, Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism to explain the process by which organisms become well matched to local conditions. That mechanism was natural selection (1). At its heart lies the concept of differential lifetime reproductive success (LRS). Significant extensions to the paradigm since Darwin's work-such as multiple levels of selection (2, 3)-all rely upon the basic principle that, through time, some genes leave more copies of themselves than do others (4). Here we describe an additional mechanism whereby traits evolve because genes are differentially successful through space rather than time. This idea is not new; the process was described long ago (5), has been explored in several spatially explicit models of nonequilibrial populations (6-8), and is widely recognized by researchers who work with range-edge dynamics (9). The basis of the idea is that on expanding range edges evolutionary change can arise from differential dispersal rates (spatial sorting) as well as from differential survival or reproductive success. Spatial sorting and classical natural selection both require heritable variation, and both result in deterministic shifts in phenotypic attributes, but the two evolutionary processes rely on fundamentally different mechanisms (spatial filtering versus temporal filtering). Mainstream biology has failed to recognize that evolutionary change can be caused by spatial sorting as well as by conventional natural selection. Spatial SortingImagine a species expanding its range into hitherto unoccupied territory and with a genetic basis to variation among individuals in dispersal rates (6-8). For example, continuously distributed variation may occur in dispersal-relevant morphological traits [e.g., seed shape (5), flight musculature and wing size (7, 10), leg length (11), foot size (12)], behavior [movement patterns (13)], and physiology [locomotor endurance (14)]. Alleles that confer the hi...

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“…The theoretical implications of such differences between immigrants and residents have not as yet been explored. One study investigated consequences of a direct effect of dispersal on fitness (Bull et al, 1987). Organisms are described by a very simple life-cycle, such that individuals are born, then either migrate or stay in their birthplace, then reproduce only once and die.…”

Section: -7653 9 1997 Chapman and Hallmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of dispersal in a two-patch system: some consequences of differences between migrants and residents

et al. 1997

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We investigate how age-structure and differences in certain demographic traits between residents and immigrants of a single species act to determine the evolutionarily stable dispersal strategy in a two-patch environment that is heterogeneous in space but constant in time. These two factors have been neglected in previous models of the evolution of dispersal, which generally consider organisms with very simple life-cycles and assume that, whatever their origin, individuals in a given habitat have the same bio:demographic characteristics. However, there is increasing empirical evidence that dispersing individuals have different demographic properties from phylopatric ones. We develop a matrix model in which recruitment depends on local population densities. We assume that dispersal entails a proportional cost to immigrant fecundity, which can be compensated by differences in survival rates between immigrants and residents. The evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) for dispersal are identified using a combination of analytical expressions and numerical simulations. Our results show that philopatry is selected (1) when dispersal rates do not vary in space, (2) when the metapopulation is a source-sink system and (3) when dispersal rates vary in space (asymmetric dispersal) and immigrants do not compensate for their reduced fecundity. We observe that non-zero asymmetric dispersal rates may be evolutionarily stable when (1) immigrants and residents are demographically alike and (2) immigrants compensate totally for their reduced fecundity through an increase in adult survival. Under these conditions, we find that the ESS occurs when the fitnesses at equilibrium in the two habitats, measured in our model by the realized reproductive rates, are each equal to unity. A comparison with previous studies suggests a unifying rule for the evolution of dispersal: the dispersal rates which permit the spatial homogenization of fitnesses are ESSs. This condition provides new insight into the evolutionary stability of source-sink systems. It also supports the hypothesis that immigrants have adapted demographic strategies, rather than the hypothesis that dispersal is costly and immigrants are at a disavantage compared with residents.

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A Model for Natural Selection of Genetic Migration

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Estimating Annual Survival and Movement Rates of Adults within a Metapopulation of Roseate Terns

Estimating Annual Survival and Movement Rates of Adults within a Metapopulation of Roseate Terns

An evolutionary process that assembles phenotypes through space rather than through time

The evolution of dispersal in a two-patch system: some consequences of differences between migrants and residents

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