A Model for Predicting the Redistribution of Salts Applied to Fallow Soils After Excess Rainfall or Evaporation

Burns, Ian G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1974.tb01113.x

Cited by 157 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Daily water drainage and daily nitrogen leaching were calculated for each catchment over the period using the model of Burns (1974), assuming that all the nitrogen in excess is available in the top soil layer at the beginning of the drainage period each year. Drainage water dynamics were consistent with results obtained from lysimeters installed at the site (Simon and Le Corre, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on nitrate concentration in stream water of agricultural practices in small catchments in Brittany: II. Temporal variations and mixing processes

Ruiz

Abiven

Martin

et al. 2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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In catchments with impervious bedrock, the nitrate concentrations in streamwater often show marked seasonal and small inter-annual variations. The inter-annual trends are usually attributed to changes in nitrogen inputs, due to changes in land use or in nitrogen deposition whereas seasonal patterns are explained in terms of availability of soil nitrate for leaching and of seasonality of nitrogen biotransformations. The companion paper showed that inter-annual variations of nitrogen in streamwater are not directly related to the variations of land use. The aim of this study is to describe nitrate concentration variations in a set of very small adjacent catchments, and to discuss the origin of the inter-annual and seasonal trends. Data from four catchments at the Kerbernez site (South Western Brittany, France) were used in this study. Nitrate concentrations in streamwater were monitored for eight years (1992 to 1999) at the outlet of the catchments. They exhibit contrasting inter-annual and seasonal patterns. An extensive survey of agricultural practices during this period allowed assessment of the amount of nitrogen available for leaching. The discharges measured since 1997 show similar specific fluxes but very different seasonal dynamics between the catchments. A simple, lumped linear store model is proposed as an initial explanation of the differences in discharge and nitrate concentration patterns between the catchments. The base flow at the outlet of each catchment is considered as a mixture of water from two linear reservoirs with different time constants. Each reservoir comprises two water stores, one mobile contributing to discharge, the other, immobile, where nitrate moves only by diffusion. The storm flow, which accounts for less than 10 % of the annual flux, is not considered here. Six parameters were adjusted for each catchment to fit the observed data: the proportion of deep losses of water, the proportion of the two reservoirs and the size and initial concentration of the two immobile stores. The model simulates the discharge and nitrate concentration dynamics well. It suggests that the groundwater store plays a very important role in the control of nitrate concentration in streamwater, and that the pattern of the seasonal variation of nitrate concentration may result from the long term evolution of nitrogen losses by leaching.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on nitrate concentration in stream water of agricultural practices in small catchments in Brittany: II. Temporal variations and mixing processes

Ruiz

Abiven

Martin

et al. 2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Thus a fraction of the mass of N present in each layer moves with each drainage event. The implicit assumption is that all N present in a layer is uniformly and instantaneously in solution in all the water in the layer (Burns 1974). The same procedure was also employed to model upward or downward movement of N during redistribution of soil water via unsaturated flow.…”

Section: Water Balance Calculations and N Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling nitrogen leaching in Prince Edward Island under climate change scenarios

Jong¹,

Qian²,

Yang³

2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2008. Modelling nitrogen leaching in Prince Edward Island under climate change scenarios. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 61Á78. Projected climate change in Canada and its impact on crop yield and production have been studied, but the impacts on soil and water quality are less well known. The objective of this study was to model and evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on soil nitrogen (N) leaching in Prince Edward Island. Residual soil nitrogen (RSN), the quantity of inorganic soil N at the time of harvest, was calculated from an annual N budget, based on Census of Agriculture data. RSN was ''added'' to the soil in the fall and subject to leaching until the start of the next growing season. Water and N movement in and through the soil were calculated with a modified version of the Versatile Soil Moisture Budget. The provincial averages of RSN and N leaching under historic (1971Á2000) climate and management conditions were calculated to be 30.8 kg N ha Á1 and 27.9 kg N ha Á1, i.e., 91% of the RSN was lost via leaching. With no changes in agricultural practices, N leaching under four climate change (2040Á2069) scenarios remained very similar (91%) to that simulated under historic climatic conditions. With agricultural intensification, in response to climate change and economic conditions, RSN levels increased to 35.7 kg N ha Á1 and estimates of soil N leaching increased by 5 to 30% beyond historic levels. Mots clé s: Azote re´siduel du sol, bilan versatile de la teneur en eau du sol, incidence du changement climatique, adaptation de l'agriculture, contamination de l'eau Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient required by all crops. Legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), fix N from the atmosphere. However, nonleguminous crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) require applied N to optimize yield. Nitrogen is added to non-leguminous crops via fertilizer, manure and atmospheric deposition. Other sources of N for crop uptake include the decomposition products of crop residues and soil organic matter.The addition of N is not without environmental risk, however. Incomplete N uptake by crops inevitably

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“…To estimate the movement of NO 3 , we selected the Burns  model for its simplicity and versatility. The Burns  leaching model is an adaptation of the Burns leaching model (Burns 1974) and was chosen because it requires only readily available soil and meteorological data (De Neve and Hofman, 1998;Moreels et al 2003;Chaves et al 2006) as presented in Table 2. Of the numerous leaching models published, this model is one of the few that has been applied to actual field conditions (Scotter et al 1993).…”

Section: Soil Sampling For Physical Properties and Mineral N Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in Intensive Vegetable Rotations in Highlands of Central Java, Indonesia

Widowati¹

2017

J Trop. Soils

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High rainfall intensity is major factor governing leaching process, where leaching is often the most important process of N loss from the field and lead to agricultural environmental pollution. In order to measure the movement of mineral-N in soil profile, a field research had been conducted in two sites of center vegetable farming area with six farmer cooperators in Central Java, Indonesia. Regular soil sampling was done from Improve Practice (IP) and Farmer Practice (FP) treatment for three planting seasons during 2007. Almost all treatments FP applied higher rate of N fertilizer compare to IP, but it was not reflected in N profile. Comparison of predicted and measured mineral N content was simulated using Burns  model, then the closeness of the estimation and measured calculated using Coefficient of Residual Mass (CRM) calculation as an indicator with 0 as ideal value. Out of 9 measurements of IP and FP treatment, eight and seven measurements had negative CRM representinga slight overestimation. The NO 3 -N loss estimated using the Burns model for IP and FP was in average of 67% for IP and 71% for FP of total N fertilizer added or 67% for IP and 76% for FP of total-N surplus, respectively. The calculation of potential nitrate concentration (PNC) at 1 m soil depth at the end of the third season showed a high concentration with significant different of IP and FP having mean value of 59.8 and 82.5 mg N L -1 . From the gathered data it was obvious that over N fertilization had negative effect to agricultural environment. Keywords:Farmer practice, improve practice, N loss, over N fertilization Intensitas curah hujan yang tinggi adalah faktor utama yang mendorong terjadinya proses pencucian, dimana pencucian ini adalah proses yang sangat penting terhadap kehilangan N dari lahan dan memicu terjadinya polusi lingkungan pertanian. Dalam upaya untuk mengukur pergerakan mineral N pada profil tanah, penelitian lapang telah dilaksanakan di dua lokasi sentra budidaya sayuran dengan enam petani kooperator di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Secara periodik sampling tanah telah dilakukan pada petak perlakuan Improve Practice (IP) dan Farmer Practice (FP) selama tiga musim tanam pada tahun 2007. Hampir semua perlakuan FP mengaplikasikan pemupukan N yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan IP, tetapi tidak terefleksi pada profil N tanah. Perbandingan dari perkiraan dan pengukuran kadar mineral N telah disimulasi menggunakan model Burns , kemudian kedekatan dari estimasi dan pengukuran dihitung menggunakan Coefficient of Residual Mass (CRM) sebagai indicator dengan nilai 0 sebagai nilai ideal. Dari 9 kali pengukuran perlakuan IP dan FP, delapan dan tujuh pengukuran mempunyai nilai CRM negative yang menunjukkan sedikit over estimasi. Kehilangan NO 3 -N yang diestimasi menggunakan model Burns  untuk perlakuan IP dan FP terdapat pada rata-rata 67% untuk IP dan 71% untuk FP dari total pupuk N yang ditambahkan atau 67% dari perlakuan IP dan76% perlakuan FP berdasarkan total surplus N secara berturutan. Perhitungan dari potential ni...

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A Model for Predicting the Redistribution of Salts Applied to Fallow Soils After Excess Rainfall or Evaporation

Cited by 157 publications

References 19 publications

Effect on nitrate concentration in stream water of agricultural practices in small catchments in Brittany: II. Temporal variations and mixing processes

Effect on nitrate concentration in stream water of agricultural practices in small catchments in Brittany: II. Temporal variations and mixing processes

Modelling nitrogen leaching in Prince Edward Island under climate change scenarios

Nitrogen Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in Intensive Vegetable Rotations in Highlands of Central Java, Indonesia

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